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The Leadership Ceiling in Global Radiology: A 2024–2026 High-Throughput Algorithmic Audit of Gender Representation in Senior Authorship Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2026-07)
Wang, Tanche (Jimmy)
Rationale and objectives: To establish a 2026 global benchmark for senior authorship gender representation in high-impact imaging journals and identify structural barriers to digital metadata visibility. Materials and methods: An algorithmic audit analyzed 6454 publications from seven leading radiology journals compiled between January 2024 and February 2026. Senior author gender was inferred utilizing the validated gender-guesser name-inference engine. Pearson's Chi-squared test compared gender distributions across journals. A dynamic, web-based dashboard was developed using a Python-Streamlit framework to facilitate continuous, live data exploration. Results: The global female senior authorship rate across successfully classified data was established at 17.70% (1144/3717). Significant variation was found by journal (x2=34.19, p < 0.0001). The Journal of the American College of Radiology (JACR) demonstrated the highest representation (37.17%), while technical subspecialty journals showed lower parity. A profound "Metadata Gap" was identified, with 42.42% (2737/6454) of the total cohort lacking identifiable gender markers or sufficient name strings in professional publishing summaries to allow for algorithmic inference. Conclusion: A profound gender gap persists in global senior research leadership within imaging specialties. Enhancing publishing metadata hygiene is an essential step for accurate institutional equity tracking. Informatics-driven auditing via live dashboards provides a scalable roadmap for modern departmental and institutional accountability.
Gender composition of editorial boards in Pakistani Medline-indexed journals: a disaggregated analysis Open PDF
(Pakistan Medical Association, 2026-06-25)
Editorial boards determine the direction and scope of journals. The objective of this study was to assess the gender composition of the editorial boards of four Pakistani Medline-indexed journals using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Gender composition of the editorial boards of four Pakistani Medline-indexed journals was assessed using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The publicly available official editorial board pages were accessed and analysed for: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association (JPMA), Journal of Ayub Medical College (JAMC), Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan (JCPSP), and Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PJPS). Cumulatively, 163 individuals comprised the editorial boards in these journals, out of which 112 (68.7%) were males. JPMA had the largest editorial team with 59 individuals, and JCPSP had the smallest team with 25 individuals. The most and least gender-diverse editorial teams were reported by JPMA and JAMC, with 22 (37.3%) and 6 (20.7%) women, respectively. Results augur the need for gender-sensitive training programmes to promote gender balance in the editorial boards of the country's medical journals.
Women Emergency Physicians and Gender Disparities from Entry to Advancement Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2026-07)
Sethuraman, Kinjal N.
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Lall, Michelle D.
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Gorman, Emily F.
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Zeidan, Amy J.
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Agrawal, Pooja
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We sought to summarize the last 20 years of published research on gender experience and disparities in the emergency medicine workforce. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review by searching MEDLINE ALL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus from 2003 to 2024, to identify original research investigating gender experience and disparities among physicians in emergency medicine in North America. We abstracted study design, sample characteristics, and outcomes. We analyzed data using an ad hoc iterative thematic analysis of the content areas as well as a synthesis of the key findings and research limitations. RESULTS: We identified 5,740 candidate publications and, after exclusions, included 191 (99% observational studies). We identified 15 themes: (1) workforce, (2) childbearing, (3) attrition, (4) evaluations, (5) bias and discrimination, (6) wellness, (7) professional development groups and mentorship, (8) authorship, (9) editorial board membership, (10) research grants, (11) national speakers, (12) awards, (13) leadership roles, (14) academic rank and promotion, (15) financial compensation and one subtheme (pediatric emergency medicine). We mapped these themes to 5 domains: (1) Recruitment and Retention, (2) Culture and Environment, (3) Academic Scholarship, (4) Recognition and Promotion, and (5) Clinical Care and Decisionmaking. There were 3 to 33 publications per theme. The quality of evidence was variable. We found fewer disparities, and improvement over time in the percentage of women academic faculty, women authorship, national speaking, and educational awards. We found consistent evidence of gender disparities disadvantaging women emergency physicians in financial compensation, editorial board membership, executive leadership roles, academic rank, and experiences of gender bias, with little change over time. CONCLUSION: Although some areas remain understudied, our central findings confirm that gender-based disparities continue to exist among emergency physicians. Future efforts should be redirected toward the development and assessment of interventions that combat these disparities.
Advancing gender equity in gynecology and obstetrics: perspectives from the German workforce Open PDF
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-08-27)
Neuhold, Jasmin
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von Versen-Höynck, Frauke
PURPOSE: Despite the high proportion of women in medical education and clinical training, female physicians remain underrepresented in leadership and academic positions in Gynecology and Obstetrics in Germany. This study investigates structural and cultural factors contributing to this disparity and highlights trends in workforce composition and recognition in the field. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional analysis using publicly available data from the German Federal Statistical Office and the German Medical Association (2004-2024), as well as database from the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). RESULTS: In 2023, women comprised 73% of gynecologists in Germany. Female representation declined with advancing career stage. In 2024, 82% of resident physicians at German university hospitals were women, while they held 26% of department head positions in Gynecology and Obstetrics. Female membership in the DGGG reached 75%, with 40% on the executive board. In 2022, 65% of major awards went to men, while women received most poster and lecture prizes (61%) at the biannual conference. CONCLUSIONS: While gender diversity in the clinical workforce has improved, systemic inequities persist in academic and leadership domains. Addressing these requires structural reforms, increased transparency in recruitment and promotion processes, and targeted programs supporting women's professional advancement. Enhanced visibility, mentorship, and inclusive institutional policies are essential to ensure gender-equitable development in the specialty.
Gender-specific career pathways after postdoctoral qualification in ophthalmology: status quo and influencing factors—A questionnaire survey Open PDF
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-09-12)
Maier, Anna-Karina B.
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Liekfeld, Anja
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Messmer, Elisabeth M.
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Brücher, Viktoria C.
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Vandemeulebroecke, Nicola
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Trotz einer steigenden Zahl an Habilitationen in der Ophthalmologie von Frauen, sind Frauen in akademischen Leitungspositionen und bei Professuren weiterhin deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den aktuellen geschlechterspezifischen Stand der Karrierewege nach der Habilitation in der Augenheilkunde sowie mögliche Einflussfaktoren zu analysieren. Methodik Eine offizielle Umfrage der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft (DOG), die an habilitierte Ophthalmolog*innen versendet wurde, erfolgte von August bis September 2024 auf Initiative des DOG-Arbeitskreises Frauen in der Ophthalmologie. Erhoben wurden Daten zu Alter, Geschlecht, Informationen zu Kindern, Kinderbetreuung, derzeitigem Arbeitsplatz und Gründen für den Verbleib und das Verlassen einer Universitätsklinik oder Forschungseinrichtung als Arbeitgeber. Ergebnisse Insgesamt beteiligten sich 168 von 458 habilitierten Kolleg*innen an der Umfrage (♀: 40 %, ♂: 59 %, keine Angabe: 1 %). Bei 79,8 % der habilitierten männlichen Kollegen lebten Kinder im selben Haushalt, bei Frauen nur in 64,7 % (p = 0,030); 81,8 % der Frauen und 32,9 % der Männer nahmen Elternzeit (p < 0,001); 72,3 % der Frauen und 6,3 % der Männer mit Kindern arbeiteten in Teilzeit (p < 0,001). Bei Vorhandensein einer zweiten Betreuungsperson arbeitet/arbeitete diese bei den männlichen Kollegen zu 58 % in Teilzeit und in 15 % gar nicht, während dies bei den weiblichen Kollegen nur zu 16 % in Teilzeit und zu 2 % gar nicht der Fall war (p < 0,001). Für den Verbleib in der akademischen Laufbahn wurden am häufigsten das Gesamtpaket der Vorteile einer akademischen Laufbahn (♂: 57,4 %, ♀: 64,4 %) und am seltensten finanzielle Anreize (♂: 2,9 %, ♀: 2,2 %) als Gründe angegeben. Diskussion Es besteht bei Habilitierten der Augenheilkunde eine erhebliche Diskrepanz zwischen gleich qualifizierten Männern und Frauen in Bezug auf die Übernahme der Kinderbetreuung. Frauen übernehmen offenbar den Großteil der Kinderbetreuung, was ein Grund dafür sein könnte, dass Habilitandinnen seltener akademische Leitungspositionen einnehmen. Abstract Background Despite an increasing number of women completing postdoctoral qualifications in ophthalmology, women remain significantly underrepresented in academic leadership positions and professorships. The aim of this study was to analyze the current gender-specific status of postdoctoral career paths in ophthalmology and potential influencing factors. Methods An official survey of the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) was conducted from August to September 2024 at the initiative of the DOG working group on women in ophthalmology. Data were collected on age, gender, information about children, childcare, current employment and reasons for remaining or leaving a university hospital or research institution as an employer. Results A total of 168 of 458 colleagues participated in the survey (♀: 40%, ♂: 59%, no information: 1%). Of the male colleagues 79.8% had children living in the same household, compared to only 64.7% of women (p = 0.030), 81.8% of women and 32.9% of men took parental leave (p < 0.001) and 72.3% of women and 6.3% of men with children worked part-time (p < 0.001). If a second caregiver was present, this caregiver worked part-time in 58% of male colleagues and 15% did not work at all. In female colleagues the second caregiver worked part-time in 16% and 2% did not work at all. The overall package of benefits (♂: 57.4%, ♀: 64.4%) was cited most frequently as a reason for remaining in an academic career, while financial incentives (♂: 2.9%, ♀: 2.2%) were cited least frequently as reasons. Discussion There is a significant discrepancy between equally qualified men and women in ophthalmology regarding childcare responsibilities. Women appear to take on the majority of childcare responsibilities, which could be one reason why females are less likely to achieve academic leadership positions.
Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
Cayón Somacarrera, S.
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Alonso Rodríguez, C.
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del Campo del Val, L.
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Oleaga Zufiría, L.
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Rodríguez Carnero, P.
Abstract Introduction There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. Results The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM’s history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. Conclusions Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality. Resumen Introducción Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo en la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE.UU. Materiales y métodos Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000–2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU, receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE.UU, comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medallas de oro el 31%. Conclusiones Aunque la desigualdad de género está disminuyendo, en radiología las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo. Es preciso trabajar para crear una profesión diversa e inclusiva que refleje la realidad demográfica.
Gender equality in the Italian academic context. Results from the IGEA project Open PDF
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-02-21)
Deiana, Giovanna
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Dettori, Marco
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Muresu, Narcisa
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Puci, Mariangela Valentina
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Saderi, Laura
The Innovation for Gender Equality in Academia (IGEA) project is focused on the analysis of the gender composition in academia, on the identification of the health needs of the academic population and on the assessment of their organizational wellbeing, in order to promote equal working conditions and opportunities. The study, focused on the identification of health needs, involved the construction of an ad hoc questionnaire in order to collect the socio-demographic characteristics and the perception of working environment of the participants. Differences between males and females were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson Chi-Square or Fisher exact tests as appropriate, highlighting significant differences between genders regarding the occurrence of anxiety, panic, irritation and annoyance related to work activities. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the perception of work-related anxiety/panic, showing a direct association with the difficulty in work performance and the work-related stress during the pandemic period, whereas, an indirect association was found with job satisfaction and the feeling of being appreciated by colleagues. Occupational stress can increase the risk of developing physical and mental conditions, also affecting work performance and absenteeism. It is therefore fundamental to plan targeted interventions, implement policies and specific actions, in order to avoid and reduce any differences related to gender.
Trends in Women Authoring Editorials in Cardiothoracic Surgery Journals. Open PDF
(2026-05-01)
Lee, Emily Hyunmin
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Gomes, Zoya
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Kim, Jinny Minji
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Liblik, Kiera
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Travis, Nicole
INTRODUCTION: Women have historically been underrepresented in leadership positions and academia in cardiothoracic surgery, creating barriers to career advancement and limiting role models for trainees. While publications are used to measure success in academia, invited articles such as editorials often represent a formal recognition of expertise. The objective of this study was to identify trends in the gender of editorial authors published in cardiothoracic surgery journals. METHODS: Editorials published between 2018 and 2022 across 16 peer-reviewed cardiothoracic surgery journals were analyzed. Author gender was estimated using a validated tool (https://gender-api.com/) with additional verification using available institutional profiles. RESULTS: In total, 806 editorials were published with a total of 1,858 authors (293 women, 16%). Women authors were predominantly from the United States of America (45%) followed by India (9%) and Germany (8%). The percentage of women first authors increased between 2018 and 2022 (P < 0.001); 9% in 2018, 9% in 2019, 17% in 2020, 16% in 2021, and 23% in 2022. A similar trend was observed for women senior authorship (P < 0.0001) (6% in 2018, 9% in 2019, 14% in 2020, 15% in 2021, and 18% in 2022) as well as for editorials with all-women authorship (P < 0.0001), increasing steadily from 9% in 2018 to 20% in 2022. CONCLUSION: Women authorship in editorials published in cardiothoracic surgery journals has steadily increased in recent years. Despite progress, women still make up less than a quarter of first and senior authors, highlighting a critical gap in gender equity in academic leadership that must be urgently addressed.
Gender bias in guidelines and recommendations on rheumatology in Argentina: A bibliometric analysis Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2026-05)
Navarro, Belén
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Sequeira, Gabriel
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Kerzberg, Eduardo
Abstract Introduction Women constitute the majority in Argentine rheumatology research, but their participation in rheumatology guidelines and recommendations (RGRs) has not been evaluated. Objective To analyze women's representation in RGRs published between 2010 and 2024 that included at least one Argentine rheumatologist. Methods Cross-sectional bibliometric study of rheumatology guidelines and recommendations published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2024, including at least one rheumatologist affiliated with an Argentine center. Publications were identified through searches in PubMed, the Revista Argentina de Reumatología, and Google Scholar using predefined affiliation-based keywords. The main study variables were author gender, first and corresponding authorship, guideline classification national (NAC) or international (INT), and declared conflicts of interest with the pharmaceutical industry. Descriptive analyses were performed, and group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results Eighty-seven RGRs were analyzed (79% INT), with a median publication year of 2021. Of 526 authors, 274 (52%) were women. In NAC RGRs, 57% of authors were women versus 43% in INT (p = 0.003). Among 25 first authors based in Argentina, 11 (44%) were women; among 12 corresponding authors, 5 (42%) were women. COIs were reported in 24 RGRs, totaling 59 declarations, 37 (63%) from men. Conclusions Although women are the majority among Argentine rheumatology researchers, their representation decreases in international publications and leadership roles. Conflicts of interest show a gender bias favoring men. Resumen Introducción Las mujeres son mayoría en la investigación reumatológica argentina, pero no se ha evaluado su participación en las guías y recomendaciones en reumatología (GRR). Objetivo Analizar la representación femenina en las GRR publicadas entre 2010 y 2024 que incluyeran al menos un/a reumatólogo/a con afiliación en Argentina (ARG). Métodos Estudio bibliométrico transversal de GRR en reumatología publicadas entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2024 que incluyeron al menos un/a reumatólogo/a ARG. Las publicaciones fueron identificadas mediante búsqueda en PubMed, Revista Argentina de Reumatología y Google Scholar utilizando combinaciones predefinidas en el campo de afiliación. Se registraron el género de los autores, la autoría principal y de correspondencia, la clasificación de la guía como nacional (NAC) o internacional (INT), y los conflictos de interés (COI) declarados. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos (Mann–Whitney U y chi-cuadrado). Resultados Se analizaron 87 GRR (79% INT), con mediana de publicación en 2021. De 526 autores, 274 (52%) fueron mujeres. En las GRR NAC, el 57% de los autores fueron mujeres vs 43% en las INT (p = 0,003). Entre los primeros autores ARG, el 44% fueron mujeres; entre los autores de correspondencia, el 42%. Se declararon COI en 24 GRR (59 declaraciones), 63% correspondientes a hombres. Conclusiones La participación femenina es mayoritaria en las GRR NAC, menor en las INT y en los roles de liderazgo. Los COI muestran un sesgo de género favorable a los hombres.
The inverted gender pyramid in career progression among GCC physicians: implications for health workforce policy Open PDF
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-05-22)
Alzayani, Salman
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Al-Roomi, Khaldoon
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Almarabheh, Amer
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Hamdi, Ali M.
INTRODUCTION: Gender equity in the health workforce is central to health systems policy and planning. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, women constitute most of medical graduates, yet their representation at advanced medical career levels is lower than men, reflecting an inverted gender pyramid. Quantitative evidence across GCC countries remains limited. We examined the gender differences in physicians' career progression among medical graduates of a regional medical school serving multiple GCC countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted using a pre-existing dataset of medical graduates from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. Eligible records required gender, nationality, career level, and years since graduation. The sample included 685 graduates. Career progression was defined as advanced versus entry or mid-career level. Characteristics were compared by gender in bivariate analysis using chi square tests. In addition, adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Females comprised most of the medical graduates (57.7%). However, male physicians more frequently achieved advanced career levels than their female counterparts (50.3% vs. 43.0%, p = 0.027), with no significant gender differences in career years (p = 0.518). In adjusted logistic regression model, male physicians had higher odds of attaining advanced career progression compared with females (OR 2.253, 95% CI 1.377-3.686, p = 0.001). DISCUSSION: An inverted gender pyramid was apparent, with women overrepresented among medical graduates but underrepresented among advanced medical career levels. The pattern is consistent with growing international evidence of gender inequities in the medical profession. There is an urgent need for health policy action that improves promotion transparency and formalizes leadership pipeline progression.INTRODUCTION: Gender equity in the health workforce is central to health systems policy and planning. In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, women constitute most of medical graduates, yet their representation at advanced medical career levels is lower than men, reflecting an inverted gender pyramid. Quantitative evidence across GCC countries remains limited. We examined the gender differences in physicians' career progression among medical graduates of a regional medical school serving multiple GCC countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational analysis was conducted using a pre-existing dataset of medical graduates from the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain. Eligible records required gender, nationality, career level, and years since graduation. The sample included 685 graduates. Career progression was defined as advanced versus entry or mid-career level. Characteristics were compared by gender in bivariate analysis using chi square tests. In addition, adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Females comprised most of the medical graduates (57.7%). However, male physicians more frequently achieved advanced career levels than their female counterparts (50.3% vs. 43.0%, p = 0.027), with no significant gender differences in career years (p = 0.518). In adjusted logistic regression model, male physicians had higher odds of attaining advanced career progression compared with females (OR 2.253, 95% CI 1.377-3.686, p = 0.001). DISCUSSION: An inverted gender pyramid was apparent, with women overrepresented among medical graduates but underrepresented among advanced medical career levels. The pattern is consistent with growing international evidence of gender inequities in the medical profession. There is an urgent need for health policy action that improves promotion transparency and formalizes leadership pipeline progression.

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