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  • Item type:Publication,
    Current institutionalized sexism in nursing degree classrooms: A multicenter qualitative study in Catalonia Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-09)
    Feijoo-Cid, Maria
    ;
    Llena-Riu, Andres
    ;
    Biurrun-Garrido, Ainoa
    ;
    Fuentes-Pumarola, Concepció
    ;
    Cámara-Liebana, David
    Everyday sexism is not always consciously identified in nursing degree classrooms. This leads to the reproduction of inequality that is legitimized in interpersonal relationships and institutional dynamics. AIM: Describe how nursing students perceive and experience everyday sexism in the classroom at various universities in Catalonia. METHODS: Multicenter study using quantitative and qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews. The study population comprised fourth-year nursing students in Catalonia. The interviews were conducted online from February to June 2022. An ad hoc interview script was designed based on the scientific literature on the perception of sexism and discrimination in the classroom. The anonymity and confidentiality of participants and data were ensured. RESULTS: Twenty fourth-year nursing students participated, 18 women and two men, ages 21 to 49. Use of the space was unequal: men occupy the back rows of the classroom, forming male-only groups. Moreover, men participate more often in large groups when a debate is established, and they do so impulsively. Women are more respectful and ask questions about class content. Male students tend to do less work in group projects but present more. Female students lead the group work, especially in terms of coordination and organization, and take responsibility for the more complex parts. However, they participate less in oral presentations. CONCLUSION: In the nursing classroom, women are invisibilized and limited in their use of space. They also take on excess work but participate less. Men participate more, reject inclusive language, and work together to claim their space. These dynamics create the conditions for a nursing degree education steeped in legitimized everyday sexism.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Quantitative datasets reveal marked gender disparities in Earth Sciences faculty rank in Africa Open PDF 
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023)
    Mosuro, G.O.
    ;
    Omosanya, K.O.
    ;
    Lawal, M.A.
    ;
    Oussou, A.
    ;
    Oshomoji, A.O.
    As in most disciplines of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM), gender disparity is prevalent in the ranking of Earth Sciences faculties at senior and advanced levels. (i.e., Associate and Full Professors). In this study, a robust database was mined, created, and analyzed to assess the faculty compositions of 142 Earth Science departments in 39 countries across Africa. The data were collected from verifiable online resources focusing on ranks and gender ratios within each department. The studied earth science departments cut across universities in northern, southern, central, eastern, and western Africa. Our data revealed that female faculty members are predominantly underrepresented in most of the departments documented and are markedly uncommon in senior positions such as Professors, associate Professors, and senior researchers compared to their male counterparts. On the contrary, female faculty members are predominant in the lower cadres, such as lecturers, teaching, and graduate assistants. The observed male to female ratio is 4:1. At the base of this gender gap is the lower enrolment of female students in Earth Science courses from undergraudate to graduate studies. To achieve gender equality in Earth Science faculty composition in Africa, we recommend increasing female students' enrollment, mentoring, awareness, timely promotion of accomplished female researchers, and formulation of enabling government policies. More work-related policies that guarantee work-life balance for female earth science academic professionals should be formulated to attract and retain more women into Earth Sciences careers. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
  • Item type:Publication,
    Amplifying the gender gap in academia: “Caregiving” at work during the pandemic Open PDF 
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023)
    Manchester, C.F.
    ;
    Leroy, S.
    ;
    Dahm, P.C.
    ;
    Glomb, T.M.
    We examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on faculty using survey data. First, we uncover heterogeneity in the immediate effects on research productivity and burnout. Three groups emerged (Career Accelerated, Career Insulated, and Career Headwinds) with female faculty disproportionately represented in Career Headwinds, experiencing both high burnout and declines in research productivity. Second, we examine how greater caregiving demands at home and at work—in the form of institutional service—contribute to gender differences. We find female faculty reported greater increases in service demands, and these exerted greater drag on their careers through a larger crowd out of research time. © 2022 Regents of the University of California (RUC).
  • Item type:Publication,
    A Model of the Effects of Gender Neutral Tenure Clock Stopping Policies on the Publication Strategies of Junior Faculty
    (CESifo, 2022)
    Gugl, Elisabeth
    ;
    Amini, Moein
    ;
    Farnham, Martin
    We model the decision of a junior faculty member where to send publications at various points along the tenure track. A single paper arrives exogenously at the start of each of three periods before the tenure decision is made. The researcher has the choice of submitting each paper to either a "Top" journal or a "Regular" journal. The probability of acceptance at a top journal is lower than at a regular journal, but the reward is greater. Researchers need a minimum of 1 top publication or 2 regular publications by the end of the three periods to get tenure. We show that, under reasonable assumptions about gendered childbearing and childrearing responsibilities, introduction of a gender neutral clock stopping (GNCS) policy induces men to submit more papers to top journals, while leaving women’s submission strategies unchanged. This results in more top publications for men under a GNCS policy, while leaving women's publication records unchanged. Our model predictions are largely consistent with the empirical findings of Antecol et al. (2018). Our findings give insights into design of an important “family-friendly” university workplace policy with implications for the “leaky pipeline” in economics, whereby women are especially underrepresented at higher ranks in the discipline.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A global approach to the gender gap in mathematical, computing and natural sciences: How to measure it, how to reduce it? Open PDF 
    (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2019)
    Gledhill, I.M.A.
    ;
    Roy, M.-F.
    ;
    Chiu, M.-H.
    ;
    Ivie, R.
    ;
    Ponce-Dawson, S.
    The participation of women in many fields of science remains a subject of concern worldwide. In this Commentary, we describe one of three collaborative projects – the Gender Gap project – funded by the International Science Council (ISC) and the 11 partners of the project. This project is the only one of the three that addresses an issue of such relevance for society. The objectives of the project are to provide evidence on which interventions can be based, and to make available material on best practice that has been proven by test. The project includes a joint global survey and a bibliometric analysis, both of which have an emphasis on comparing and contrasting results from less developed countries and from more developed countries.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender inequalities on editorial boards of indexed pediatrics journals Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Alonso-Arroyo, Adolfo
    ;
    González de Dios, Javier
    ;
    Aleixandre-Agulló, Joan
    ;
    Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael
    BACKGROUND: The presence of women in decision-making positions, such as on editorial committees of biomedical journals, is not the same as that of men. This paper analyzes the gender composition of editorial committees (EBMs) and editors-in-chief (ECs) positions of pediatric journals. METHODS: The gender of EBMs and ECs of 125 journals classified in the pediatrics area of the Journal Citation Report (JCR) was analyzed. The following indicators were calculated: gender distribution of ECs and EBMs by journal, publisher, subject speciality, country, quartile of the journal in JCR and country of affiliation of the members. RESULTS: The total number of EBMs was 4242. The distribution by sex of the ECs was 19.44% women and 80.56% men, while that of the EBMs were 33.05% women and 66.95% men. Twenty journals exhibited a greater representation of women than of men, and in four there was parity. Journals with greater participation of women specialized in nursing and physical therapy and were related to nutrition (lactation and breastfeeding). CONCLUSIONS: Only one-fifth of ECs and one-third of EBMs are females. Women's participation is higher in journals related to nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and nutrition. The United States has the highest number of EBMs, followed by the European Union. IMPACT: Only one-fifth of Editors-in-chief in pediatrics journals are female. Only one-third of Editorial Board Members in pediatrics journals are female. Women's participation is higher in editorials committees in pediatrics journals related to nursing, physical and occupational therapy, and nutrition. Medical and pediatric associations and societies must work together to eliminate the disparities that exist between women and men. Achieving gender equity and empowering all women is one of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals.