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  • Item type:Publication,
    Assessing Progress: An Integrated Review of LGBTQ+ Faculty Experiences in Higher Education 2010–2025 Open PDF 
    (Informa UK Limited, 2026-08-26)
    Garcia, Ellen
    ;
    Hassouneh, Dena
    The objective of this review was to synthesize and assess the empirical research about experiences of LGBTQ+ faculty in higher education published between January 2010 and March 2025 to evaluate progress made in addressing research gaps identified in a seminal 2010 review. Researchers have made notable progress by conducting more studies and increasingly using critical theoretical frameworks to examine the experiences of LGBTQ+ faculty. Through our analysis we identified three core themes: (1) Influence of work climate on LGBTQ+ faculty experiences: How institutional environments influence LGBTQ+ faculty well-being and success; (2) Discrimination affects LGBTQ+ faculty work experiences: Persistent homophobia, heterosexism, sexism, and racism impact LGBTQ+ faculty; (3) LGBTQ+ faculty responses: LGBTQ+ faculty use strategies for resilience and advocacy to navigate their work climates. Our findings indicate a greater need for academia and its leaders to value and support research about experiences of LGBTQ+ faculty. We also found that despite DEI initiatives, institutional climates often remain a source of discrimination for LGBTQ+ faculty, suggesting these efforts are symbolic rather than effective. Amid rising anti-LGBTQ+ legislation and a backlash against DEI efforts, we underscore the need for organizational leaders to urgently implement meaningful, systemic change.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Identifying gender disparities in research performance: the importance of comparing apples with apples Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Nygaard, L.P.
    ;
    Aksnes, D.W.
    ;
    Piro, F.N.
    Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the “what” (which publication practices are measured) and the “who” (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields—of comparing apples with apples—when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    Conscientiousness as a Predictor of the Gender Gap in Academic Achievement Open PDF 
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023)
    Verbree, A.-R.
    ;
    Hornstra, L.
    ;
    Maas, L.
    ;
    Wijngaards-de Meij, L.
    In recent decades, female students have been more successful in higher education than their male counterparts in the United States and other industrialized countries. A promising explanation for this gender gap are differences in personality, particularly higher levels of conscientiousness among women. Using Structural Equation Modeling on data from 4719 Dutch university students, this study examined to what extent conscientiousness can account for the gender gap in achievement. We also examined whether the role of conscientiousness in accounting for the gender gap differed for students with a non-dominant ethnic background compared to students with a dominant ethnic background. In line with our expectations, we found that conscientiousness fully mediated the gender gap in achievement, even when controlling for prior achievement in high school. This was the case among both groups of students. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the gender gap in achievement in postsecondary education settings. The current study suggests that the use of conscientiousness measures in university admission procedures may disadvantage male students. Instead, the use of such measures may be a fruitful way to identify those students who may benefit from interventions to improve their conscientiousness. Future research could examine how conscientiousness can be fostered among students who are low in conscientiousness. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    A Model for Bridging the Gender Gap in STEM in Higher Education Institutions
    (Springer Nature, 2022)
    García-Holgado, Alicia
    ;
    García-Peñalvo, Francisco José
    ;
    García-Peñalvo, Francisco José
    ;
    García-Holgado, Alicia
    ;
    Dominguez, Angeles
    Women present a historic and worrying gap in science and technology-related disciplines, generally knowns as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), except in the case of health professions. A holistic approach is needed to support policymakers worldwide in bridging the gender gap in STEM, in which higher education institutions have a crucial role. Promoting this active implication of the universities in this problem, in the European project Building the future of Latin America: engaging women into STEM (W-STEM), a model to modernise the government, management and operation of higher education institutions in Latin America to improve attraction, access to and retention of women in STEM programs has been developed. This situation is not exclusive to Latin American countries, it is a global problem, so the results of the W-STEM project are also applicable to European partners and transferrable worldwide. The main goal of this chapter is to describe the W-STEM model based on three years of working on strategies and mechanisms to improve the attraction, access, guidance, and retention processes to engage more women in STEM programs. The model has been thoroughly tested in eleven institutions in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Mexico, involving public and private institutions with different gender equality situations.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific productivity and evolution of doctoral theses in Higher Education: analysis by gender and topics Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Ferreira, C.
    The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific productivity of Higher Education, deepening in the doctoral theses parameters in this field, taking into account bibliometric variables and identifying the topics of the doctoral theses and trends in Higher Education in the attainment of the PhD degree. This study is descriptive longitudinal, retrospective and bibliometric of scientific production in doctoral theses on Higher Education defended in Spanish universities and registered in the TESEO database from its first publication, 1976, to the academic year 2018-2019. The analyzed variables in the study show he differences between men and women in the academic field, especially when holding the position of president of the doctoral thesis court. The results reflect that this field has undergone a process of consolidation with a linear and constant growth in the production of doctoral theses. © 2020 CSIC. All Rights Reserved. Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la productividad científica sobre Educación Superior, profundizando en los parámetros de las tesis doctorales sobre este campo atendiendo a variables bibliométricas e identificando los tópicos de las tesis doctorales y las tendencias en Educación Superior en la consecución del título de Doctor. Este estudio es de carácter descriptivo longitudinal, retrospectivo y bibliométrico de la producción científica en tesis doctorales defendidas en las universidades españolas sobre Educación Superior y registradas en la base de datos TESEO desde su primera publicación, 1976, hasta el curso académico 2018-2019. Las variables analizadas en el estudio ponen de manifiesto las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el ámbito académico, especialmente a la hora de ostentar el cargo de presidenta de tribunal de tesis doctoral. Los resultados reflejan que este campo ha sufrido un proceso de consolidación con un crecimiento lineal y constante en la producción de tesis doctorales. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A Further Look at the Gender Gap in Italian Academic Careers
    (2023)
    Brunetti, Marianna
    ;
    Fabretti, Annalisa
    ;
    Zoli, Mariangela
    In developed countries women have now achieved educational parity with men. Yet disparities persist in reaching top positions in the job market, with academia making no exception. This paper assesses the gender gap in career advancements in Italian universities over the 2013-2021 period, and explores the potential role of a third factor, i.e. mobility, besides competitiveness and scientific productivity typically investigated in the literature. The results, strongly robust, show a gender gap in advancements to associate professorship of about 4 percentage points, which is only partially explained by competitiveness, while scientific productivity and mobility do not seem to play a role. The estimated gender gap almost doubles for transitions to full professorship, and it remains unaffected when both competitiveness and scientific productivity are considered. Interestingly, mobility in this case matters: the gap is still there but (as much as 5 times) smaller when career advancements occur along with a move to a different University.