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Start date: 2023Geographical Area: search.filters.geographical.Europe

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Item type:Publication,
    Inclusive universities: promoting gender equality and sex-gender diversity Open PDF 
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-02-12)
    Sánchez Torrejón, Begoña
    ;
    Machín Álvarez, Macarena
    INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the implementation of gender equality and sex-gender diversity policies in a higher education context, within the G-FORCE Project funded by Erasmus+. METHODS: Two focus groups (N = 20) were conducted with participants from the academic community, administrative staff, research personnel, and external stakeholders, ensuring diverse generational and gender representation. Data were collected through guided focus group discussions, transcribed, and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis with an interpretive approach. RESULTS: Three dimensions emerged: (1) knowledge and awareness of gender equality and sex-gender diversity, (2) institutional practices and university policies, and (3) university culture. Results indicate that although participants are aware of existing protocols and training, these initiatives are perceived as isolated, minimally innovative, and largely symbolic. CONCLUSION: A gap exists between formal policies and actual practices, reflecting a bureaucratic culture that limits inclusive transformation. Resistance is present among faculty and students committed to equality, yet systemic barriers persist. The study concludes that effective inclusion requires structural change, curricular integration of inclusive perspectives, creation of safe spaces, participatory governance, and alignment of institutional culture with gender equality and sex-gender diversity.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Bridging the gender gap in surgical oncology: Insights from the ESSO membership survey on diversity, equity, and inclusion Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-03)
    Orme, S.E.
    ;
    SantraČ, N.
    ;
    Lorenzon, L.
    ;
    Rubio, I.T.
    ;
    Schrage, Y.M.
    Abstract Introduction: Despite increasing numbers of women entering medicine, they remain underrepresented in surgical specialties, particularly in leadership and academic roles. This study explored gender differences in perceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among members of the European Society of Surgical Oncology (ESSO) and identified areas where DEI policies may better support female surgeons. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to ESSO members in 2025. Quantitative items assessed demographics and perceptions of DEI within respondents' organisations and ESSO. Gender differences were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U tests and binomial logistic regression adjusted for age and ethnicity. Open-text responses were analysed thematically to identify perceived barriers and priorities for improvement. Results: A total of 279 members responded (37% women). Women were less likely than men to perceive recruitment as unbiased (53% vs 17% disagreed, p < 0.001) or to believe that equal opportunities for advancement exist (43% vs 19% disagreed, p < 0.001). Nearly 40% of women reported their identity had negatively impacted career progression compared with 8% of men (p < 0.001). Women were more likely to prioritise greater representation of women in leadership and faculty roles (OR 8.58, 95% CI 4.73-15.57, p < 0.001), development of work-life balance guidelines (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.44-4.10, p < 0.001), and commitment to gender diversity in leadership and committees (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.02-2.94, p = 0.041). Conclusion: Female surgeons continue to face inequities in surgical oncology. ESSO and similar societies have a critical role in promoting transparent recruitment, inclusive leadership, and equitable professional development to advance gender equity and excellence in cancer care.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in surgical academic Careers: What is needed to get there? Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
    Bosman, A.
    ;
    Schreurs, W.H.
    ;
    Smidt, M.L.
    Despite comprising the majority of medical students, women remain significantly underrepresented in senior academic surgical positions. In the Netherlands, only 15.6 % of surgical professors are female. This article examines cultural and structural barriers, including unequal access to networks, underrepresentation on editorial boards, academic “housework,” implicit bias, and unequal caregiving responsibilities, that hinder women's advancement in academic surgery. Targeted interventions such as mentorships, flexible work policies, salary transparency, and gender-conscious recruitment (e.g., Eindhoven University of Technology's preferential hiring strategy) have shown promise in promoting equity without compromising academic output. The “critical mass” threshold of 28 % female representation emerges as a tipping point for cultural change. Achieving gender equity in academic surgery requires both systemic reform and cultural transformation to ensure equal opportunity, career sustainability, and inclusive institutional environments.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender disparities in authorship in European cardio-thoracic journals Open PDF 
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2025-06-19)
    Galeone, Antonella
    ;
    Cleuziou, Julie
    ;
    Perrone, Fabiola
    ;
    Maffei, Irene
    ;
    Fiorinelli, Giorgia
    OBJECTIVES The goal was to evaluate gender authorship in 2 cardio-thoracic surgical journals. METHODS We performed a bibliometric analysis of all articles published from 2017 to 2022 in the European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and the Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. For each article, the gender and academic rank of the first, senior and corresponding authors were verified by Internet search, email contact or use of the application Genderize.io. Articles were categorized based on topic, type and country of origin. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to evaluate gender authorship trend over time. RESULTS A total of 5243 articles were included in the analysis. Women represented 18% of first authors, 7% of senior authors and 13% of corresponding authors; no trend was seen over time. Women represented 16% of first authors and 7% of senior authors in adult cardiac surgery, 23% of first authors and 9% of senior authors in congenital cardiac surgery and 19% of first authors and 8% of senior authors in thoracic surgery. Male first authors were more frequently full professors (17% vs 5%) and associate professors (16% vs 8%), and male senior authors were more frequently full professors (48% vs 31%) and associate professors (16% vs 8%) compared to female senior authors. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of female authors is significantly lower than that of male authors in highest-impact European cardio-thoracic surgery journals, and no significant increase in female authorship has been demonstrated in recent years. Increasing awareness of gender disparities is essential to facilitate equal career opportunities and academic advancement for women in cardio-thoracic surgery.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female author representation differs between journals from the United States of America, Europe, and Asia: a 10-year comparison of five medical disciplines Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Molwitz, I.
    ;
    Keller, S.
    ;
    Wolf-Baldauf, L.
    ;
    Ozga, A.-K.
    ;
    Nguyen, T.-A.
    To provide information for targeted support of female scientists, the objective of this study was to evaluate how female authors are represented in journals of five medical disciplines with varying rates of female physicians from the United States of America (USA), Europe, and Asia. For this retrospective bibliometric study 15 representative gynecologic, pediatric, radiologic, urologic, and surgical journals from the USA, Europe, and Asia were selected from the Web of Science database. From these, all n = 24182 publications of the years 2007/2008 and 2017/2018 were included. Gender and affiliations were assigned to first and senior authors using a software (Gender API, Passau, Germany), native speakers, and a web-based search. For statistics mixed logistic and multinomial logistic regression were applied. In pediatrics, radiology, and urology, highest female first and senior author shares were consistently found in journals from the USA. In European journals proportions across all disciplines tripled (odds ratio 2.96 [95% CI 2.60–3.37], P <.0001). Asian journals showed three-times fewer female authorships than journals from the USA or Europe and the smallest increase (1.36 [1.11–1.66], P =.0026). Compared to the proportion of female physicians within each specialty, female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals and female senior authors in journals of all regions. In journals from the USA most female authors originated from institutes within the USA (36.2%), in European journals from the USA (21.1%) or Europe (21.7%). Women from Asian institutes were worst represented in journals of all regions with lowest rates in Asian journals (9.4%). In conclusion female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals, female senior authors and women from Asian institutes in journals from all regions. Programs for gender equality in science are thus particularly necessary to support female senior authors, for Asian journals, and women from Asian institutes. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    What determines the gender pay gap in Academia?
    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia), 2024)
    Masso, Jaan
    ;
    Roosaar, Liis
    ;
    Paas, Tiiu
    ;
    Meriküll, Jaanika
    ;
    Rõigas, Kärt
    This paper focuses on two mechanisms that could explain the persistence of the gender pay gap – child penalty and bargaining. We concentrate on academia and use administrative data from the University of Tartu, the largest university in Estonia. The context of the academic sector allows us to control for worker productivity through indicators of research and teaching activities. Administrative data on academic staff from 2012 to 2021 has been linked with the population register and web-scraped data from SCOPUS. We follow the quasi-experimental approach proposed by Kleven et al. (2019a) to identify child penalty and derive outside option wages for all the detailed institutes to estimate the role of bargaining. Despite no penalty in hourly wages, the decrease in the working hours for mothers equals two years of full-time work spread over four years after childbirth. Compared to the penalty for the whole population, the child penalty in academia is shorter-lived, and no statistically significant effect on women's publications or citations was found. Men, in contrast, do not experience any penalties related to children. Women's worse bargaining skills seem to be an important factor behind the gender pay gap in academia, whereas the institute's higher outside option wage is related to relatively higher wages for men and is a less important factor for the wages of women.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in representation, citations, and h-index: An empirical examination of the field of communication across the ten most productive countries Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Goyanes, Manuel
    ;
    Herrero, Esperanza
    ;
    de-Marcos, Luis
    Women researchers have been shown to be underrepresented in science, especially among the most productive scholars. This is especially relevant in the social sciences and humanities fields, where gender parity is closer, but disparities among top scholars are still pronounced. The gender gap in the field of communication has been explored from several approaches, but studies focusing on gender differences in representation, citations, and h-index are rather scarce. Drawing upon data retrieved from SciVal, we conducted a comparative study of the top 500 and top 100 most productive scholars (N = 5000) for each of the ten most productive countries in communication research in the 2019-2022 period: the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Spain, Germany, India, Australia, Canada, Italy, and the Netherlands. The results indicate a consistent underrepresentation of women, particularly among the top 500, across countries. Despite women being cited more frequently than men in some countries over shorter time frames, a gender bias persists favoring men, particularly when considering the h-index. All in all, our study shows that, despite hints of gender equality in citation patterns, the gender gap still constitutes a structural part of the field of communication when addressing gender representation in research productivity and long-term dynamics of research impact.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender inequality in cum laude distinctions for PhD students Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Bol, Thijs
    Resource allocation in academia is highly skewed, and peer evaluation is the main method used to distribute scarce resources. A large literature documents gender inequality in evaluation, and the explanation for this inequality is homophily: male evaluators give more favorable ratings to male candidates. We investigate this by focusing on cum laude distinctions for PhD students in the Netherlands, a distinction that is only awarded to 5 percent of all dissertations and has as its sole goal to distinguish the top from the rest. Using data from over 5000 PhD recipients of a large Dutch university for the period 2011-2021, we find that female PhD students were almost two times less likely to get a cum laude distinction than their male counterparts, even when they had the same doctoral advisor. This gender gap is largest when dissertations are evaluated by all-male committees and decreases as evaluation committees include more female members.
  • Item type:Publication,