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Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
  • Item type:Publication,
    Being a female academic under neoliberal evaluation: A systematic review
    (2021)
    Mula-Flacón, J.
    ;
    Cruz-González, C.
    ;
    Segovia, J.D.
    ;
    Rodríguez, C.L.
    The current academic assessment system is drawing a scenario based on neoliberal values. It has contributed to the perpetuation of gender inequalities. This systematic literature review aims to synthesize the most relevant research on the impact of neoliberalism on the professional identity of female academics. For this purpose, a systematized bibliographic search was carried out in four different databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Education Resources Information Center, and Google Scholar), which yielded a total of 26 articles published in international journals. The results illustrate a research field dominated by the USA and the UK and a trajectory of growth in the literature in recent years. The emerging themes reveal some of the challenges faced by women academics in a neoliberal context. These obstacles may be external and even unconsciously imposed by women academics themselves. Motherhood emerges as one of the most influential aspects of their professional development. Furthermore, our findings explore various ways in which women academics reconstruct their identity in the face of systemic challenges. This manuscript culminates with a discussion of the impact that neoliberal values and their general consequences in the performance evaluation processes of academics have on women. Therefore, we provide a number of implications for professional practice and future lines of research. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A bibliometric approach for detecting the gender gap in computer science Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Mattauch, S.
    ;
    Lohmann, K.
    ;
    Hannig, F.
    ;
    Lohmann, D.
    ;
    Teich, J.
    Identifying female CS scientists by combining a robust bibliographic database and name filtering tools. https://youtu.be/bmy-ei13itg
  • Item type:Publication,
    Streamlining for excellence discriminates against women: A study of research productivity of 2.7 mln scientists in 45 countries
    (Center for Open Science, 2022)
    Letki, Natalia
    ;
    Biały, Grzegorz
    ;
    Sankowski, Piotr
    ;
    Walentek, Dawid
    Gender inequality in academia is well documented yet persistently difficult to eradicate. Here, we adopt a new perspective by investigating the effect of institutional design on gender gap in research productivity on the example of habilitation - a centralized performance assessment procedure. Using a new, population-based dataset comprising 2,704,688 researchers from 45 countries we show that the presence of a habilitation has unexpected gendering counter-effect on research productivity, as it systematically lowers performance of female, but not male researchers. We also show that while international mobility improves research productivity of both genders in both systems, in systems without habilitation the selection effect for mobile women is particularly strong, and their returns to mobility in terms of increased productivity are the smallest of all mobile groups. We conclude that centralised, top-down regulation of `excellence in science' causes irreparable damage to careers of female researchers.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Are female scientists less inclined to publish alone? The gender solo research gap Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Kwiek, M.
    ;
    Roszka, W.
    In solo research, scientists compete individually for prestige, sending clear signals about their research ability, avoiding problems in credit allocation, and reducing conflicts about authorship. We examine to what extent male and female scientists differ in their use of solo publishing across various dimensions. This research is the first to comprehensively study the “gender solo research gap” among all internationally visible scientists within a whole national higher education system. We examine the gap through mean “individual solo publishing rates” found in “individual publication portfolios” constructed for each Polish university professor. We use the practical significance/statistical significance difference (based on the effect-size r coefficient) and our analyses indicate that while some gender differences are statistically significant, they have no practical significance. Using a partial effects of fractional logistic regression approach, we estimate the probability of conducting solo research. In none of the models does gender explain the variability of the individual solo publishing rate. The strongest predictor of individual solo publishing rate is the average team size, publishing in STEM fields negatively affects the rate, publishing in male-dominated disciplines positively affects it, and the influence of international collaboration is negative. The gender solo research gap in Poland is much weaker than expected: within a more general trend toward team research and international research, gender differences in solo research are much weaker and less relevant than initially assumed. We use our unique biographical, administrative, publication, and citation database (“Polish Science Observatory”) with metadata on all Polish scientists present in Scopus (N = 25,463) and their 158,743 Scopus-indexed articles published in 2009–2018, including 18,900 solo articles. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    A Retrospective of Women Entrepreneurship Research and Future Research Directions
    (2024)
    Iqbal, S.
    ;
    Farrukh, M.
    ;
    Bhaumik, A.
    Entrepreneurship, and especially the involvement of women, is crucial to the advancement of the economy and society as a whole. By using bibliometric analysis, this article gives a thorough review of contemporary research on women’s entrepreneurship. This study examines a variety of factors, including countries, academic publications, authors and suggested areas for further research. The study’s objectives are to guide future research, educate policymakers and serve as a resource for researchers interested in furthering the study of women’s entrepreneurship and its societal implications. © 2024 MDI.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Historical comparison of gender inequality in scientific careers across countries and disciplines Open PDF 
    (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020)
    Huang, Junming
    ;
    Gates, Alexander J.
    ;
    Sinatra, Roberta
    ;
    Barabási, Albert-László
    There is extensive, yet fragmented, evidence of gender differences in academia suggesting that women are underrepresented in most scientific disciplines and publish fewer articles throughout a career, and their work acquires fewer citations. Here, we offer a comprehensive picture of longitudinal gender differences in performance through a bibliometric analysis of academic publishing careers by reconstructing the complete publication history of over 1.5 million gender-identified authors whose publishing career ended between 1955 and 2010, covering 83 countries and 13 disciplines. We find that, paradoxically, the increase of participation of women in science over the past 60 years was accompanied by an increase of gender differences in both productivity and impact. Most surprisingly, though, we uncover two gender invariants, finding that men and women publish at a comparable annual rate and have equivalent career-wise impact for the same size body of work. Finally, we demonstrate that differences in publishing career lengths and dropout rates explain a large portion of the reported career-wise differences in productivity and impact, although productivity differences still remain. This comprehensive picture of gender inequality in academia can help rephrase the conversation around the sustainability of women’s careers in academia, with important consequences for institutions and policy makers.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Does a gender-neutral name associate with the research impact of a scientist? Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Zhang, N.
    ;
    He, G.
    ;
    Shi, D.
    ;
    Zhao, Z.
    ;
    Li, J.
    Women have long suffered in both academia and industry from lower status, underrepresentation, unequal treatment, and other challenges based on gender. This paper explores whether a gender-neutral name is associated with the research impact of a scientist by examining three years of citations. The data for this study are derived from publications indexed in ISI's Web of Science (WoS) database from 2009 to 2015. By assigning a name neutralization index score to each author, we investigate the relationship between the neutralization index and citations and find the following results: (1) generally, the more neutral the name, the more citations the publications received; (2) the neutral effect was more pronounced for authors with feminine names than for authors with masculine names. © 2022
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in the aims and impacts of research Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Zhang, L.
    ;
    Sivertsen, G.
    ;
    Du, H.
    ;
    Huang, Y.
    ;
    Glänzel, W.
    This study uses mixed methods—classical citation analysis, altmetric analysis, a survey with researchers as respondents, and text analysis of the abstracts of scientific articles—to investigate gender differences in the aims and impacts of research. We find that male researchers more often value and engage in research mainly aimed at scientific progress, which is more cited. Female researchers more often value and engage in research mainly aimed at contributing to societal progress, which has more abstract views (usage). The gender differences are observed among researchers who work in the same field of research and have the same age and academic position. Our findings have implications for evaluation and funding policies and practices. A critical discussion of how societal engagement versus citation impact is valued, and how funding criteria reflect gender differences, is warranted. © 2021, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The causal intricacies of studying gender in science
    (2021)
    Traag, V.
    ;
    Waltman, L.
    The role of gender in science is a frequently debated subject. Papers on this subject use various terms to describe their findings, such as “gender bias”, “gender disparity”, “gender difference” or sometimes "gender gap". The different terms sometimes seem to be used interchangeably, making it unclear what researchers try to communicate with each term. To facilitate a clear discussion, we propose explicit definitions of these terms that emphasise the importance of the underlying causal mechanisms. Additionally, this causal language allows us to reason about concepts of fairness and their implications. The proposed terminology may contribute to a better understanding of the policy implications of a study. © 2021 18th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2021. All rights reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Equity for women in science: dismantling systemic barriers to advancement
    (Harvard university press, 2023)
    Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
    ;
    Larivière, Vincent
    The success of the scientific endeavor depends on a robust workforce. Unfortunately, the scientific workforce fails to be representative of the population. This failure to adequately utilize human capital has strong consequences for progress and innovation. This book examines the labor of women in science. Combining an extensive analysis of several international datasets on scholarly publications, research funding, and survey results, this book provides an empirical account of the various ways the gender gap is observed in the scientific community and combines these findings with anecdotes and profiles of women in science that provide historical context and guide the empirical analysis