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Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
Cayón Somacarrera, S.
;
Alonso Rodríguez, C.
;
del Campo del Val, L.
;
Oleaga Zufiría, L.
;
Rodríguez Carnero, P.
Abstract Introduction There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. Results The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM’s history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. Conclusions Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality. Resumen Introducción Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo en la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE.UU. Materiales y métodos Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000–2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU, receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE.UU, comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medallas de oro el 31%. Conclusiones Aunque la desigualdad de género está disminuyendo, en radiología las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo. Es preciso trabajar para crear una profesión diversa e inclusiva que refleje la realidad demográfica.
Diferencias de género en Anestesiología. ¿En qué punto nos encontramos en España? Resultados de una encuesta nacional Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2020-08)
Aliaño, M.
;
Franco, G.
;
Gilsanz, F.
Resumen Objetivo En la última década se han publicado numerosos trabajos en los que se pone de manifiesto la persistencia de diferencias de género en medicina. La finalidad de este estudio fue investigar si este problema existe en la especialidad de Anestesiología en España. Métodos El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante una encuesta anónima que se distribuyó entre los especialistas en Anestesiología. El cuestionario estaba formado por 39 preguntas diseñadas para investigar la situación profesional, laboral y personal, así como las percepciones individuales en relación con la discriminación de género en el trabajo. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.619 encuestas, lo que representa el 17,6% del total de anestesiólogos de España; 654 participantes fueron hombres (40,4%) y 965 mujeres (59,6%). Las mayores diferencias fueron observadas en las siguientes áreas: el 70,0% de participantes informaron de que su jefe de servicio es un hombre. En relación con los puestos de liderazgo, el 25,2% de las mujeres que respondieron a la encuesta habían desempeñado algún puesto de confianza frente al 46,1% de los hombres (p < 0,001). En cuanto a la posición académica, el 10,3% de los hombres respondieron ser profesores de universidad en contraste con el 4,8% de mujeres (p < 0,001). El 46,0% de las mujeres que participaron en la encuesta piensan que existe discriminación de género en su profesión, mientras que solo el 12,6% de los hombres lo reconocieron. Un tercio de las mujeres (36,6%) consideran su condición de género una barrera para promocionar y tienen miedo de perder su trabajo por quedarse embarazadas. Además, tanto hombres como mujeres han presenciado un trato diferente por parte de pacientes y personal sanitario hacia sus compañeras anestesiólogas. Conclusión Los resultados de esta encuesta demuestran que existe una brecha de género en Anestesiología en España. En concreto, las mujeres están poco representadas en puestos académicos y de liderazgo, y un porcentaje considerable de encuestados perciben diferencias de género en el trabajo. Este estudio puede servir para monitorizar futuros cambios en nuestro país y como ejemplo para investigaciones en otros países vecinos. Abstract Objective Publications of diverse medical specialties confirm that gender differences still exist in the medical field. This particular study aims to investigate whether this problem exists in the specialty of Anaesthesiology in Spain. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed among anaesthesiologists in Spain. It had 39 questions and was designed to investigate professional position, work conditions, personal situation, and individual perceptions. The goal was to target the majority of anaesthesiologists working in Spain. Results Completed surveys were received from 1,619 respondents which represents 17.6% of the total number of anaesthesiologists in Spain; 654 respondents were male (40.4%) and 965 were female (59.6%). The greater differences were found in the following areas: 70.0% of the respondents advised that their head of department is male. When asked about management and leadership positions, 25.2% of female respondents had ever had any management role in contrast to 46.1% of men (p < 0.001). Regarding academic positions, 10.3% of male respondents are university professors in contrast to only 4.8% of women (p < 0.001). 46.0% of the women surveyed believe that gender discrimination exists in the workplace whereas only 12.6% of men reported the same. A third of women (36.6%) consider their gender a barrier to promotion and fear losing their job due to pregnancy. Furthermore, both genders have witnessed patients and colleagues treating staff differently according to gender. Conclusion The results of the survey show the existence of a gender gap among Spanish anaesthesiologists. Of particular note, women are under-represented in academic and leadership positions. Additionally, a considerable percentage of respondents perceive gender-based discrimination to be active in their workplaces. This study could serve as a template for future research in other neighbouring countries and as a means to monitor any changes in coming years.
Gender bias in guidelines and recommendations on rheumatology in Argentina: A bibliometric analysis Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2026-05)
Navarro, Belén
;
Sequeira, Gabriel
;
Kerzberg, Eduardo
Abstract Introduction Women constitute the majority in Argentine rheumatology research, but their participation in rheumatology guidelines and recommendations (RGRs) has not been evaluated. Objective To analyze women's representation in RGRs published between 2010 and 2024 that included at least one Argentine rheumatologist. Methods Cross-sectional bibliometric study of rheumatology guidelines and recommendations published between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2024, including at least one rheumatologist affiliated with an Argentine center. Publications were identified through searches in PubMed, the Revista Argentina de Reumatología, and Google Scholar using predefined affiliation-based keywords. The main study variables were author gender, first and corresponding authorship, guideline classification national (NAC) or international (INT), and declared conflicts of interest with the pharmaceutical industry. Descriptive analyses were performed, and group comparisons were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results Eighty-seven RGRs were analyzed (79% INT), with a median publication year of 2021. Of 526 authors, 274 (52%) were women. In NAC RGRs, 57% of authors were women versus 43% in INT (p = 0.003). Among 25 first authors based in Argentina, 11 (44%) were women; among 12 corresponding authors, 5 (42%) were women. COIs were reported in 24 RGRs, totaling 59 declarations, 37 (63%) from men. Conclusions Although women are the majority among Argentine rheumatology researchers, their representation decreases in international publications and leadership roles. Conflicts of interest show a gender bias favoring men. Resumen Introducción Las mujeres son mayoría en la investigación reumatológica argentina, pero no se ha evaluado su participación en las guías y recomendaciones en reumatología (GRR). Objetivo Analizar la representación femenina en las GRR publicadas entre 2010 y 2024 que incluyeran al menos un/a reumatólogo/a con afiliación en Argentina (ARG). Métodos Estudio bibliométrico transversal de GRR en reumatología publicadas entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de diciembre de 2024 que incluyeron al menos un/a reumatólogo/a ARG. Las publicaciones fueron identificadas mediante búsqueda en PubMed, Revista Argentina de Reumatología y Google Scholar utilizando combinaciones predefinidas en el campo de afiliación. Se registraron el género de los autores, la autoría principal y de correspondencia, la clasificación de la guía como nacional (NAC) o internacional (INT), y los conflictos de interés (COI) declarados. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos (Mann–Whitney U y chi-cuadrado). Resultados Se analizaron 87 GRR (79% INT), con mediana de publicación en 2021. De 526 autores, 274 (52%) fueron mujeres. En las GRR NAC, el 57% de los autores fueron mujeres vs 43% en las INT (p = 0,003). Entre los primeros autores ARG, el 44% fueron mujeres; entre los autores de correspondencia, el 42%. Se declararon COI en 24 GRR (59 declaraciones), 63% correspondientes a hombres. Conclusiones La participación femenina es mayoritaria en las GRR NAC, menor en las INT y en los roles de liderazgo. Los COI muestran un sesgo de género favorable a los hombres.
Presence of women in Education research in Colombia: an analysis of journals included in the Emerging Sources Citation Index Open PDF
(2021)
Muñoz-Ñúngo, B.
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Maz-Machado, A.
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Rodríguez-Fanec, C.
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Cuida, A.
Objective. The dissemination of the research carried out in the field of Education has been repeatedly analyzed in the academic world. Several aspects have been studied, such as the relevance of journals in certain scientific areas, as well as the scientific production or collaboration per country. Clarivate Analytis has recently incorporated new tools that aim to cover scientific fields or regions that are underrepresented in the WoS. Thus, the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) was created. The purpose of this study is to analyze the scientific production in the field of education in the ESCI in Colombia between 2005 and 2019 to identify the participation of women in this production. Method. This is an exploratory and descriptive study in which several bibliometric techniques are used to obtain the information. Both Excel and SPSSS software were used to perform the statistical procedures. The gender of all the authors of the document was determined. Results. Our search in the ESCI yielded a total of 3824 documents. The results indicate that in 2005 women only signed 36.67% of the documents, while in 2019 they signed up to 48.52% of them. 61,30% of the times the only author of the documents is a woman. The maximum number of authors is 8. The latter percentage is similar to that of single-autorship male signature, 63,46%. Conclusions. The data obtained allows us to conclude that the gender gap in publications in the field of education in Colombia is closing and that men and women currently sign almost the same number of documents per year. © 2021 University of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved.
Evolution of Female Leadership in MedicineBibliometric Analysis and Evaluation of the Last 50 Years Open PDF
(2021)
Mendoza, C.S.
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Gomez, A.P.B.
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Tobar, V.
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Carvajal, L.C.
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Vega, J.
Objective Perform a biometrical analysis of female leadership in medicine, in order to know the actual perspective and guide future research. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive bibliometric analysis of the literature available in MEDLINE was performed in relation to the leadership of female physicians from 1973 to 2019, through MEDLINE database, using GoPubmed and FABUMED. The following strategy was deployed: ("Leadership"[Mesh]) AND "Physicians, Women"[Mesh] (1973:2019[dp]). Original articles, journal articles, essays, scientific reports and reviews were included to analyze all related indexed literature. To obtain the impact factor (FI), the Journal Citation Reports (7) 2017/2018 of the journals found was used to estimate the quality of each one of them. Results A total of 310 references were found in 139 published journals, 71.2% were original articles; the remaining 22% were reviews. There was a 11.9% increase in publications from 1996 to 2019. The journals with the highest rate of publications were: Academic Medicine and J Womens Health (Larchmt) with 7.7% and 7.1%. Countries with the highest number of publications were United States with 66 (56%), and United Kingdom with 10 (8.6%). Latin America has four publications, while Colombia has none. Conclusion Female leadership in the medical field and the publications regarding this subject have increased in the last decades, mainly in developed countries. Latin America has to make significant efforts to produce more publications in journals with high impact factor, in order to close the gender gap in the medical field. © 2021 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.
Contributions in Spanish Scientific Journals of Ancient History (1970-2020): Analysis of Authorship According to Sex/Gender
(2022)
Mateo Corredor, D.
;
Pastor Quiles, M.
This paper analyses the contributions published on Antiquity studies during the last half century in a selection of Spanish impact journals, taking into account the sex/gender of the authorship, its proportion and its development over time. In addition, the possible existence of differences is addressed depending on whether the contributions are of one authorship or co-authorship, as well as the position of signature in the works of more than one person. Likewise, the topic of these investigations is taken into account, with which it is intended to determine whether authorships of one sex/gender or another predominate in the different thematic areas. This study shows that the proportion of female authors is low and, furthermore, that a progressive increase in female authorship can not been observed in the last decades. © 2022 Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. All rights reserved.
Multilevel analysis of global scientific production on parenthood, human development and gender equality. Open PDF
(2020)
Maroto-Navarro, Gracia
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Ocaña-Riola, Ricardo
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Gil-García, Eugenia
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García-Calvente, María Del Mar
OBJECTIVE: To compare worldwide differences in scientific production on fatherhood and motherhood (quantity, start time and evolution over time), to determine the international geographic distribution of articles on fatherhood, and, to examine the relationship between the human development index (HDI), the global gender gap index (GGGI), and the number of articles on fatherhood. METHOD: Descriptive analysis of articles on fatherhood and motherhood from the Scopus database 1788-2016, and longitudinal analysis 2006-2015 of the relationship between scientific production on fatherhood, the HDI and the GGGI, by means of a multilevel model with Poisson distribution and extra-Poisson parameter. RESULTS: We observed four times fewer articles on fatherhood than on motherhood. Articles on fatherhood were developed later than those on motherhood, and most (85%) were published in the last two decades, when they increased more than articles on motherhood. We identified geographical inequalities, with North America, Europe and Oceania leading the way. There is a statistically significant relationship between the increase in the HDI and the GGGI in world countries, and the increase in the articles on fatherhood. CONCLUSIONS: Socially built knowledge around fatherhood and motherhood is unequal. It is essential to develop non-parcelled, undivided and non- reductionist knowledge in the reproductive field. It is necessary to make men visible as fathers in the scientific sphere, to break gender stereotypes, and to incorporate childrearing co-responsibility in social policies and practices as a matter of right.
Gender, coauthorship and impact: publications of Peruvian biology researchers (1994-2017) Open PDF
(2021)
Málaga-Saboga, L.
;
Sagasti, F.
This study explores the role of gender in the networks of co-authorship publications, the impact of articles written by two or more authors, and the influence of high-impact articles on the academic careers. We analyze Peruvian biology researchers with publications in Web of Science Core Collection and SciELO Citation Index, as well as the curricula of the authors of greatest impact publications. A significant imbalance has been found in the number of male and female researchers as well as a significant disproportion of the number of documents published. The co-authorship network formation is not affected by gender, but women have high betweenness levels less frequently, which probably affects their effect on information flow. Finally having published a high impact research is related to promotion for junior researchers, both men and women. © 2021 CSIC. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto bajo los términos de la licencia de uso y distribución Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).
Gender studies in the accounting discipline: Bibliometric review
(2021)
González, C.
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Lorena, C.
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de López, I.
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Auxiliadora, C.
Recently, the gender line is more evident and perceptible in accounting research, especially in areas where barriers, obstacles and challenges for women in the accounting profession have previously been detected. For this reason, the study identifies the scientific production related to gender studies in accounting, through a bibliometric review. The methodology is descriptive-documentary with a quantitative approach, using the SCOPUS database as a source of information. The interpretation of the data was carried out by means of a scientometric study, using bibliometric parameters that allowed the treatment of the indexed documents, additionally the world research trends are determined. The main results indicate: a) between 1993 and 2020, 298 documents on gender in accounting were identified, b) the Accounting journal is the most relevant in this type of studies, d) the United States is the country that has led the most research on gender in accounting, among other results. It is concluded that the different lines of research that are located in gender studies in accounting are approached from the thematic areas: education, history, profession and research. © 2021, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.
Bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of women psychologists in Peru Open PDF
(2022)
Ventura-León, J.
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Mamani-Benito, O.
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Tocto-Muñoz, S.
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Curahua-Guillen, K.
Gender inequality has not been oblivious to science, where the under-representation of women in the academic scope is a concern. This is a problem that requires in-depth study, especially in careers with high percentages of women such as psychology and regions such as Latin America where there is a considerable proportion of female scientific psychologists. Despite this scene, the feminine production is known to present an increase; however, it is still lower than the masculine one. This shows that women are under-represented in leadership positions, hiring and applying for grants, and financing of research projects in public health and epidemiology. Likewise, review studies on female production in psychology are scarce in Peru and Latin America. The objective of this research is to characterize the production of women researchers in psychology by type of research, area of application, leadership and subject matter. For such objectives, a total of 149 papers published by 14 women researchers recorded in Peru’s National Registry of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation (RENACYT) were analyzed. Four psychologists were excluded because they did not have their scientific production declared; in addition, repeated documents and those which did not correspond to scientific documents, such as congress summaries, papers in non-indexed journals and those excluded from any database were also excluded under the PRISMA’s recommendations. The results show a greater quantity of co-authorships (60.4 %), studies with empirical designs (79.2 %), of associative objective (36.2 %), correlational strategy (21.5 %) and a greater quantity of papers in the clinical and health subfield (38.9 %) and education (38.3 %). As for the subject matter, clinical disorders (23.5 %) and cognitive processes (16.8 %) appear with greater frequency. Regarding these findings, there is scientific information evidencing that empirical designs are the most usual form of research, while the theoretical ones are the opposite; at least in Latin American. Furthermore, a ranking of the 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century only includes two women: Mary Ainsworth and Anna Freud, ranked 98th and 100th respectively. As for the fact of finding that more than 50 % of researchers occupy the position of co-author, previous studies show similar percentages in the health field indicating an increase from 50.3 % to 55.6 % in co-authorship. Finally, there is little scientific literature about the frequent topics studied by psychologists; therefore, these results are unprecedented; however, a search in Scopus by keywords reveals that HIV is the most studied topic in Peru; a variable located in the clinical and health subfield. Likewise, another variable that appears in the search is depression, that can be included in the topic of clinical disorders. Despite these results, the study has the following limitations: firstly, feminine scientific production can be studied from diverse sources such as review of publications in a journal, presentations at a congress, production in Scopus, which can cause difficulties in contrasting results. Secondly, there are no studies on thematic analysis, which does not allow comparison with previous research and suggests taking the findings with caution because it has a more exploratory connotation, so it is recommended to continue with this type of study. In conclusion, research psychologists carry out empirical studies framed in the analysis of the relationship between variables with a lesser predominance of theoretical and manipulative, quasi-experimental or single case studies. To a greater extent, the research is clinical and based on health. The women appear as co-authors in a large percentage of studies where the most frequent subject is clinical disorder. © 2022, Interdisciplinaria. All Rights Reserved.

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