Sex Bias in Hand Surgery Research
Publication type
journal article
Publication date
2018
Author(s)
Kalliainen, Loree K.
Wisecarver, Ian
Cummings, Allison
Stone, Jennifer
Place of publication
United States
Language
English
Discipline(s)
Abstract
It has been long recognized that sex-based biases related to participant inclusion exist in research. To help address inequities in research participation, the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act was passed into law in 1993. Although this act was primarily designed to increase inclusion of females and minorities in research funded by National Institutes of Health, it has also helped raise global awareness of the value of routinely including females and minority groups in research. Subsequent work has demonstrated a continued gap in inclusion of females in medical and surgical research and female animals and cell lines in basic science research. Hand surgeons have recognized that certain conditions have greater incidence in one sex over the other, but there has been no widespread discussion on whether, when, and how sex should be used as an outcomes variable. This review investigated the recent hand surgery literature to assess for equity in inclusion of both sexes in research as well as whether outcomes were analyzed based on sex.
Journal
The Journal of hand surgery
ISSN
1531-6564
Volume
43
Issue
11
Pagination
1026-1029
Rights
Copyright © 2018 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.