Female Promotions and the Academic Pipeline: Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Publication type
report
Publication date
March 2026
Author(s)
Bagues, Manuel
Organisation, University of Warwick
Makany Milan
Vattuone, Giulia
Zinovyeva, Natalia
Aalto University, University of Warwick
Language
English
View point(s)
PhD Level
Geographical area
Abstract
We study how faculty promotion decisions shape women’s careers and the academic
pipeline, using data from 4,000 Spanish university departments across all disciplines. We
identify exogenous variation in promotions using the random assignment of evaluators to
promotion committees between 2002 and 2008: applicants whose committees included a
co-author or colleague were significantly more likely to qualify for promotion. We document
two main findings. First, failing to obtain tenure has asymmetrically lasting consequences
for women. Those who narrowly miss tenure are 57 percentage points less likely to be
tenured fifteen years later, compared to 29 percentage points for men. Second, when
women do obtain tenure, the effects extend well beyond their own careers: promoting a
woman to Associate Professor increases female faculty by 1.5 members after 15 years,
leads to six additional female PhD graduates over the following decade, and raises the
number who subsequently remain in academia and reach tenured positions.