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  • Item type:Publication,
    Pipeline vs. Choice: The Global Gender Gap in STEM Applications
    (2025-08)
    Ahimbisibwe, Isaac
    ;
    Altjmed Adam
    ;
    Artemov Gregory
    ;
    Barrios-Fernandez Andres
    ;
    Bizopoulou, Aspasia
    Women account for only 35% of global STEM graduates, a share that has remained unchanged for a decade. We use administrative microdata from centralized university admissions in ten systems to deliver the first cross-national decomposition of the STEM gender gap into a pipeline gap (academic preparedness) and a choice gap (first-choice field conditional on eligibility). In deferred-acceptance platforms where eligibility is score-based, we isolate preferences from access. The pipeline gap varies widely, from -19 to +31 percentage points across education systems. By contrast, the choice gap is remarkably stable: high-scoring women are 25 percentage points less likely than men to rank STEM first.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Citation Gender Gaps in Top Economics Journals
    (2025-06)
    J. Ignacio Conde-Ruiz
    ;
    Ganuza Juan-jose
    ;
    García, Manu
    This paper investigates the existence and drivers of gender citation gaps in the five leading journals in economics. Using a comprehensive dataset of 7,214 articles published between 1999 and 2023, we examine whether female-authored papers are cited more frequently than male-authored ones, and whether this pattern persists after controlling for differences in research topics. We apply Structural Topic Modeling (STM) to abstracts to estimate latent research themes and complement this approach with field classifications based on JEL codes. Our results show that female-authored papers initially display a citation premium—receiving up to 15 log points more citations—but this advantage becomes statistically insignificant once we control for research field composition using either STM topics or JEL codes. These findings suggest that horizontal gender differences in thematic specialization, rather than bias in citation behavior, account for most of the observed citation gap. Our analysis highlights the importance of accounting for field heterogeneity when assessing academic recognition and contributes to ongoing discussions about fairness and diversity in economics publishing.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Effects of written self-promotion on gender bias and decision quality
    (2025)
    Römer, Nathalie
    ;
    Schröder, Marina
    Written self-promotion is crucial in numerous decision-making scenarios, including job applications, securing funds for start-ups, or academic grant proposals. In two experiments, we study the effects of written self-promotion on decision quality and gender bias. We show that, if anything, written self-promotion slightly improves decision quality. Concerning gender bias, we find that self-promotion does not induce a gender bias that harms women. While women in our sample face adverse effects of written self-promotion due to lower performance beliefs, they can compensate for this disadvantage by applying a more modest writing style and by providing more informative written self-promotion. Finally, we show that the provision of self-promotion can mitigate pre-existing gender biases.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender quotas & positive action: An attack on meritocracy?
    (2025-08-28)
    Cipriani, Nastassja
    ;
    Colonnello, Claudia
    ;
    Holm Bodin Anna
    ;
    Solera, Cristina
    Taking steps to address gender imbalances is essential to ensure women's career progress and promote diverse and inclusive research environments. Positive action (sometimes referred to as positive discrimination or affirmative action) is widely acknowledged as a crucial tool for achieving this goal. However, resistance persists, and opinions diverge about which are the most effective and valid strategies. Do gender quotas or economic incentives challenge meritocracy? Can balancing the numbers really improve institutions and knowledge?  This policy brief provides an overview of the multifaceted debate around positive action, the arguments for, arguments against, and pathways for implementation. The policy brief draws insight from the Gender Equality Plan development process of and interviews performed by MINDtheGEPs. It ends by presenting two case studies from Italian universities.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Building inclusive research organisations: How to use a data-driven approach to designing, implementing & sustaining Gender Equality Plans
    (2025-11-14)
    Pisacane, Lucio
    ;
    Marini, Sara
    ;
    Colonnello, Claudia
    ;
    Fernow, Josepine
    ;
    Holm Bodin Anna
    esearch organisations: How to use a data-driven approach to designing, implementing & sustaining Gender Equality Plans provides a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for designing, implementing, and sustaining Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) in research-performing organizations (RPOs) across Europe. Developed within the Horizon 2020 MINDtheGEPs project, the document draws on lessons learned from seven partner institutions in five countries with traditional gender regimes—Italy, Poland, Ireland, Spain, and Serbia—spanning universities, public research bodies, and private sector R&D centers. The White Book promotes systemic institutional transformation by addressing gender inequality at three interconnected levels: the individual (micro), organizational (meso), and cultural/policy (macro). Central to its approach is the shift from “fixing the women” to “fixing the system,” recognizing that lasting change requires restructuring institutional norms, governance, and practices rather than adapting women to pre-existing models of academic excellence and productivity. The document embraces feminist theoretical frameworks and intersectionality to analyze how structural barriers— such as the ideal of the “unconditional worker”—continue to marginalize not only women, but also other underrepresented groups in research environments. Through extensive qualitative and quantitative data collection, participatory workshops, interviews, and comparative policy analysis, the project developed a stepwise approach to GEP implementation. Key pillars include: data-driven assessment and monitoring, participatory governance structures, dedicated training and capacity-building initiatives, strategic communication, and evaluation mechanisms designed to ensure long-term impact. The White Book also outlines methods for aligning GEPs with EU policy requirements, particularly the five mandatory thematic areas: work-life balance and organizational culture; gender balance in leadership and decision-making; gender equality in recruitment and career progression; integration of the gender dimension in research and teaching; and prevention of gender-based violence and sexual harassment. As a practical guide, the White Book offers actionable recommendations, tools, and checklists aimed at practitioners, policy makers, and institutional leaders committed to building more inclusive, equitable, and effective research and academic institutions. By leveraging data, stakeholder engagement, and context-sensitive strategies,  MINDtheGEPs provides a model for embedding gender equality as a core value and operational principle across Europe’s research and innovation landscape.  The design and the concept of this document have been a collaborative effort of the MINDtheGEPs research consortium that meet in a dedicated workshop in Rome on 23th and 24 January 2025.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Fighting for gender equality in research & science: What works?
    (2025-11-26)
    Solera, Cristina
    ;
    Balzano, Angela
    Achieving gender equality in research and science is a long-term, systemic process. It requires reliable data, strong leadership, and the combined use of top-down and bottom-up approaches. It also depends on the active involvement of management and decision-makers, collaboration with gender experts, a reflexive and participatory approach to opening up dialogue across disciplines, genders, and career levels, and alignment with national and institutional contexts. Drawing from MINDtheGEPs experience, this policy brief offers a roadmap for organisations to make their gender equality efforts last, ensuring that they strengthen both wellbeing and research excellence producing ”happier” organisations and researchers. MINDtheGEPs supported the design and implementation of Gender Equality Plans across 5 countries and 7 research-performing organisations from 2021 to 2025. The project used a feminist framework, guided by standpoint theory and intersectional approaches, conceptualising gender as a social structure. Through participatory training and self-reflection initiatives (within and across organisations), datadriven strategies, and the establishment of dedicated governance structures, the project promoted inclusive and sustainable approaches to gender equality. MINDtheGEPs shows that achieving structural transformation requires more than policy instruments — it demands cultural shifts, organisational commitment, resources, and an integrated, participatory process to breaking down resistance and build consensus around the why and how of gender inequalities. This policy brief was written for research performing organisations, the European Commission & the scientific community.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Equality in Academia and Research - GEAR tool
    (2023)
    European Institute for Gender Equality
    The Gender Equality in Academia and Research (GEAR) tool