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  • Item type:Publication,
    Program Director Gender and Female Representation in United States Anesthesiology Residency Programs: A Website Content Analysis Open PDF 
    (Informa UK Limited, 2026-07)
    Dankievitch, Korinne
    ;
    Malgieri, Christopher James
    ;
    Corman, Benjamin HP
    ;
    Hayward, Geoffrey
    ;
    Argo, Jonathan
    PURPOSE: Female program directors (PD) have been suggested to influence gender representation and recruitment; however, their impact within anesthesiology residency programs remains unclear. This study evaluated whether PD gender is associated with differences in female resident and faculty representation and anesthesiology residency program website content. METHODS: Anesthesiology residency programs participating in the 2024-2025 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match were identified through the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA). Program websites were evaluated for 13 predefined criteria across three domains: leadership and strategic vision, representation, and resources. Program characteristics, including full-time faculty and residents, were extracted. Scores across domains were compared by program director gender. Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or percentage (%). RESULTS: A total of 160 programs were included in the analysis; 38% were led by female and 62% by male program directors. Women represented 35% of residents and full-time faculty across all programs. Programs led by female program directors was associated with lower female representation among residents (27.9% vs. 42.8%) and full-time faculty (27.4% vs. 44.4%, p<0.001) compared to male-led programs. The mean overall website content score was 6.45 ± 3.11, with no difference by program director gender (6.82 ± 3.04 vs. 6.21 ± 3.13, p=0.253). However, representation domain scores were higher in programs with female program directors (2.20 ± 0.95 vs.1.82 ± 1.06; p=0.042). CONCLUSION: Women represent more than one-third of anesthesiology program directors, residents, and full-time faculty, reflecting continued progress toward gender equity within the specialty. However, programs led by female program directors had lower female representation among residents and full-time faculty, despite stronger emphasis on visual and descriptive representation within website content. Together, these findings suggest that while leadership equity remains important, recruitment, representation, and workforce equity are shaped by broader structural and institutional factors beyond program director gender alone.
  • Item type:Publication,
    More than a decade with ‘gender on the agenda’: have we made progress? Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-04)
    Colvin, Lesley
    ;
    Kemp, Harriet
    As female clinical academics and members of the British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA), we recognise the importance of gender equity, which remains an issue in academic medicine, despite the increase in the proportion of women in medical schools throughout the world. This inequity is most apparent at senior leadership levels, with the number of female professors in anaesthesia remaining in single digits in the UK, and at about 25% of full professors in the USA. A strong publication record is an important promotion metric in academia. In a 2013 analysis, only 39% of first and senior authors published in the BJA were women, whereas in our recent analysis, this proportion improved to 54%. The benefits of having increased representation of women as leaders are unequivocal, requiring active strategies to accelerate any progress that has been made. Initiatives such as the current BJA Special Issue on Women in Anaesthesia Research are key elements in this process.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in surgical academic Careers: What is needed to get there? Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-02)
    Bosman, A.
    ;
    Schreurs, W.H.
    ;
    Smidt, M.L.
    Despite comprising the majority of medical students, women remain significantly underrepresented in senior academic surgical positions. In the Netherlands, only 15.6 % of surgical professors are female. This article examines cultural and structural barriers, including unequal access to networks, underrepresentation on editorial boards, academic “housework,” implicit bias, and unequal caregiving responsibilities, that hinder women's advancement in academic surgery. Targeted interventions such as mentorships, flexible work policies, salary transparency, and gender-conscious recruitment (e.g., Eindhoven University of Technology's preferential hiring strategy) have shown promise in promoting equity without compromising academic output. The “critical mass” threshold of 28 % female representation emerges as a tipping point for cultural change. Achieving gender equity in academic surgery requires both systemic reform and cultural transformation to ensure equal opportunity, career sustainability, and inclusive institutional environments.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Trends in female authorship in two major psychiatry journals in India Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Menon, V.
    ;
    Varadharajan, N.
    ;
    Bascarane, S.
    ;
    Andrade, C.
    Women authors are under-represented in academic medicine and academic publishing. We examined the representation of women in key authorship positions in psychiatric journals in India as well as time trends in female authorship across a decade. All articles originating from India and published in two leading Indian psychiatry journals during 2019–2020 were examined and compared with articles published in these journals during 2009–2010. Important outcomes examined were representations of women as first author, corresponding author, and last author, and the number of women in authorship lists. A total of 817 articles was analyzed; of these, 251 (30.7%) were published during 2009–2010 and 566 (69.3%) during 2019–2020. Women first-authored just over a quarter of the articles (n = 218, 26.7%). Nearly half of the articles (n = 389, 47.6%) had no woman author. Representation of women in key authorship positions and in total authorship increased significantly across time. Notably, the proportion of women first authors significantly increased for original papers (24.5% in 2009–2010 vs 38.1% in 2019–2020, p = 0.011). Gender gap in academic psychiatry publishing in India has narrowed during the past decade but is still evident. There is a need to identify and address factors that could narrow the gender gap. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Representation of women as editors in dermatology journals: A comprehensive review Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Lobl, Marissa
    ;
    Grinnell, Madison
    ;
    Higgins, Shauna
    ;
    Yost, Kelli
    ;
    Grimes, Pearl
    BACKGROUND: Despite a substantial increase in the number of women matriculating into medical school, a gender gap still exists with respect to academic leadership positions. This gap is apparent in the field of dermatology, particularly in the composition of dermatology journal editorial boards. To address this gap, we must first acknowledge its existence, examine potential reasons for its existence, and propose strategies to narrow the gap. OBJECTIVE: Our objective is to determine the representation of women as editors in dermatology journals. METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed for dermatology journals indexed in Medline, Journal Citation Reports, Scopus, and Embase in August, September, and October 2018. The editorial board of each journal was analyzed for the number and percentage of male and female editors in four different positions. We verified the accuracy of editorial boards listed on publisher websites by emailing administrative personnel. We also recorded the number of years from terminal degree for editorial board members of the 10 journals with the highest impact factors using SCImago Journal Rankings. RESULTS: Women occupied 18% of editor-in-chief positions, 36% of deputy editor roles, 22% of overall editorial board positions, and 22% of other board roles. The average number of years since terminal degree was not statistically different between women and men, with women averaging 30.2 years and men averaging 28.0 years since completion of terminal degree (p = .27). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that women are underrepresented as editors at all levels in dermatology journals. This supports prior findings reporting a minority of women in academic leadership roles. Thus, although women have made major advancements in the medical field over the past century, there remains room for progress with regard to equal representation in academic leadership roles, including editorial positions, professorships, and department chair roles.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female Authorship in Radiology: Trends in the Past Decade in CARJ Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Li, N.
    ;
    Alabousi, M.
    ;
    Patlas, M.N.
    Purpose: To identify trends in female authorship in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (CARJ) from 2010 to 2019. Methods: We retrieved papers published in the CARJ over a 10-year period, and retrospectively reviewed 602 articles. All articles except editorials and advertisements were included. We categorized the names of the first and last position authors as female or male and excluded articles that had at least one author of which gender was not known. We compared the trends in the first and last position authors of the articles from 2010 to 2019. For statistical analysis, logistic regression was performed with reported odds ratios (ORs), and a P value of <.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: Five hundred thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Among them, 23 articles with a single author were classified as having only a first author. 39.8% (204/513) of first authors were female and 26.9% (132/490) of last authors were female. There has been an overall temporal increase in the odds of both the first and last author being female in CARJ publications (OR: 1.11, P =.034). Similarly, the odds a CARJ publication’s first author being female increased over time (OR: 1.07, P =.033). Female last author did not predict female first author (OR: 1.48, P =.056). There was no association identified between female last author and year of publication (OR: 1.04, P =.225). Conclusion: There has been an overall increase in engagement of female authorship in CARJ. © The Author(s) 2020.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A 20-year analysis of gender trends in oncology authorship in the Cochrane database of systematic reviews Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Levy, M.S.
    ;
    Samarakoon, T.
    ;
    Smith, C.
    ;
    Goo, I.
    ;
    Duthely, L.M.
    Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate global longitudinal publication trends in oncology in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) from 2001-2020. Design: Retrospective bibliometric analysis. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were the numbers and percentages of women as first, last, and corresponding author across all CDSR oncology publications. Additional outcomes included authorship differences between countries and percentages of women authors over time compared using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results: In total, 548 articles were analyzed. Women were first authors in 52.26% (n=277) and corresponding authors in 50.75% (n=272), respectively. Women represented only 39.4% (n=210) of last authors, significantly less frequent than male counterparts (p < 0.001). The percentage of women last and corresponding authors has increased significantly in the past 20 years (p < 0.05). Countries such as the Netherlands and Australia consistently showed equitable representation in first, corresponding, and last authorship, while other countries such as Italy and China had uniformly low rates of female authorship. Coclusions: Our results highlight patterns of gender inequity in oncology publication authorship in the CDSR from 2001-2020 at a global level. Notably, women were less likely to serve in the last author position which, independent of assigned corresponding authorship, is generally assumed in academic oncology to designate the leader of a published study. Substantive efforts to correct this disparity are needed to achieve gender parity in publicly perceived leadership in oncology publications. Copyright © 2024 Levy, Samarakoon, Smith, Goo, Duthely, Van Zuilen, Huang and Pillai.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female researchers in high-impact psychiatric journals: What do they focus on? Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Trimmel, M.
    ;
    Amering, M.
    ;
    Suessenbacher-Kessler, S.
    ;
    Schrank, B.
    ;
    Gmeiner, A.
    The regular analysis of publication trends, including gender aspects, is an important contribution to the identification of gender-specific differences in academic psychiatry. The present study aimed to characterise publication topics in three high-impact psychiatric journals across three time points within 15 years (2004, 2014 and 2019). Publication patterns of female authors compared to their male colleagues were examined. All articles published in 2019 in the three high-impact psychiatry journals JAMA Psychiatry, British Journal of Psychiatry and American Journal of Psychiatry were included and compared with data from the 2004 and 2014 assessments. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi-square tests were performed. In 2019, a total of 473 articles were published, 49.5% were original research articles, of which 50.4% were published by female first authors. The results of this study showed a stable trend in the publication of research on mood disorders as well as schizophrenia and psychotic disorders in high-ranking psychiatric journals. Although the percentage of female first authors in the three most common target populations under study (mood disorders, schizophrenia and general mental health) increased from 2004 to 2019, gender equality has not yet been achieved in these fields. However, in the two most frequent subject matters, basic biological research and psychosocial epidemiology, the percentage of female first authors was more than 50%. Consistent monitoring of publication trends and gender distribution by researchers and journals in psychiatric research should be continued to identify and counteract the possibility of the underrepresentation of women in certain fields. Copyright © 2023 Trimmel, Amering, Suessenbacher-Kessler, Schrank and Gmeiner.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Difference in Teaching Evaluation Scores of Pediatric Faculty Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Tiedt, Kristin
    ;
    Webber, Sarah
    ;
    Babal, Jessica
    ;
    Nackers, Kirstin A. M.
    ;
    Allen, Ann
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between faculty gender and milestone-based teaching assessment scores assigned by residents. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of milestone-based clinical teaching assessments of pediatric faculty completed by pediatric residents at a mid-sized residency program from July 2016 to June 2019. Assessments included 3 domains (Clinical Interactions, Teaching Skills, Role Modeling/Professionalism) comprised of a total of 11 sub-competency items. We used multilevel logistic regression accounting for repeat measures and clustering to evaluate associations between faculty gender and assessment scores in the 1) top quartile, 2) bottom quartile, or 3) top-box (highest score). Findings were adjusted for faculty rank and academic track, and resident year and gender. RESULTS: Over 3 years, 2889 assessments of 104 faculty were performed by 91 residents. Between assessments of women and men faculty, there were no significant differences in the odds of receiving a score in the top quartile for the 3 domains (Clinical aOR 0.99, P = .86; Teaching aOR 0.99, P = .93; Role Modeling aOR 0.87, P = .089). However, assessments of women were more likely to receive a score in the bottom quartile in both Teaching (aOR 1.23, P = .019) and Role Modeling (aOR 1.26, P = .008). Assessments of women also had lower odds of receiving the highest score in 6 of 11 sub-competencies. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that gender bias may play a role in resident assessments of pediatric faculty. Future studies are needed to determine if findings are replicated in other settings and to identify opportunities to reduce the gender gap in pediatric academic medicine.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Five Strategies Leaders in Academic Medicine Can Implement Now to Enhance Gender Equity Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Allan, JM
    ;
    Brooks, AK
    ;
    Crusto, C
    ;
    Feld, LD
    ;
    Oxentenko, AS
    Abundant disparities for women in medicine contribute to many women physicians considering leaving medicine. There is a strong financial and ethical case for leaders in academic medicine to focus on strategies to improve retention. This article focuses on five immediate actions that leaders can take to enhance gender equity and improve career satisfaction for all members of the workplace.