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  • Item type:Publication,
    Spinal neurosurgery: Trends in female authorship contribution over 5-Year publication history Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2025-10)
    Campanaro, Giovanni
    ;
    Centini, Francesca Romana
    ;
    Sicca, Cecilia
    ;
    Davico, Jazmin
    ;
    Musella, Emanuele
    In the last few years, more efforts have been made to increase gender equity in medical specialties. Nevertheless, spinal neurosurgery continues to be one of the most male-dominated subspecialties in neurosurgery. This bibliometric analysis sought to explore the representation of female authors in major neurosurgical publications between September 2017 and August 2022, with a focus on first and last authorship roles across journals and countries. The paper analyzed 3171 unique publications within a framework of 93 high-impact neurosurgery-related journals. Results showed that female authors were 14,25 % of first authors and 7,88 % of last authors, and that only 2,11 % of articles had both female first and last authors. Country of affiliation and the journal of publication significantly influenced the author's gender representations, with Scandinavian states and certain journals, like Neurocritical Care, showing relatively high percentages of female authorship. Even if there has been minor progress over the recent past, disparities nowadays persist, potentially limiting diversity in perspectives and advancements in this field. These disparities underline the presence and the influence of systemic and cultural factors impeding gender equity, and underscoring the critical need for proactive measures to foster it, including mentorship programs, institutional support, and policies for balanced opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic amplified inequities in this field, disproportionately impacting female academics due to increased domestic responsibilities without the corresponding implementation of support systems. The significant role of mentorship in improving female representation was also highlighted by this analysis: our data indicated higher collaboration rates between female first and last authors in the field of spinal neurosurgery. To address these challenges, efforts must be made starting during residency, with the aim of targeting systemic barriers and cultural biases. The implementation of inclusive policies, like on-site childcare programs, and fostering international collaboration, might help to reduce these disparities and to ensure that diversity drives innovation in spinal neurosurgery. Such an approach is essential for addressing inequity, which is not merely a matter of fairness but is central to advancing the field. This would ensure that only talent and hard work are what determine success in spinal neurosurgery, which is imperative for the progress of the speciality, enabling diverse perspectives to shape the future of patient care, research, and academic leadership.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Global evolution of female authorships in anesthesiology articles: an affiliation-based, longitudinal, scientometric analysis Open PDF 
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-10-13)
    Miller, Clemens
    ;
    Rosenberger, Johanna
    ;
    Sablewski, Armin
    ;
    Nemeth, Marcus
    ;
    Paal, Peter
    BACKGROUND: Although a gender gap in anesthesiology articles has been reported in certain subsets of anesthesiology literature, a comprehensive analysis is still lacking. Our objective was to conduct a scientometric analysis of the evolution of gender equity among anesthesiology authors worldwide, including all available affiliations. We hypothesized that gender inequity has diminished over time, with relevant differences among countries. METHODS: The MEDLINE/PubMed 2024 Baseline Repository was queried for all articles whose authors were affiliated with a department of anesthesiology. Author positions were sequenced into first, co-authors, and senior authors. Gender was inferred using online classification tools (genderize.io and gender-api.com). Geolocation was identified through text mining of the first author's affiliation. The primary endpoint was the evolution of female authors from 1987 to 2023, calculated descriptively and by average annual growth rates. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of female authors in first or senior author position, the influence of senior authors' gender on first authors' gender, geographical differences, and future projections of parity (defined as 50% female authors). RESULTS: Among 374,301 anesthesiology articles and 7,574 journals, the proportion of female authors increased from 13.6% (1987) to 34.3% (2023) with an average annual growth of 0.57% (95%-confidence interval 0.38% - 0.77%). First authors were female in 30.0% and senior authors in 20.7%, with increases from 11.7% (1987) to 36.9% (2023), and from 11.0% (1987) to 25.9% (2023), respectively. Female authors were overall more likely to be first authors when the senior author was also female. In 2023, only Thailand and Portugal had a percentage of female authors over 50%. Tunisia achieved the highest average annual growth rate of female authors at 2.28% (95%-CI 1.51% - 3.06%). Based on the assumption that current trends continue unchanged, overall gender parity is estimated to be achieved by 2050, for first authors by 2043 and for senior authors by 2072. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in recent decades, women are still underrepresented as authors in academic anesthesiology, particularly in leading authorship positions. While relevant differences between countries exist, strategies addressing this gender gap at a country-specific level are needed to promote female authorship in academic anesthesiology.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female author representation differs between journals from the United States of America, Europe, and Asia: a 10-year comparison of five medical disciplines Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Molwitz, I.
    ;
    Keller, S.
    ;
    Wolf-Baldauf, L.
    ;
    Ozga, A.-K.
    ;
    Nguyen, T.-A.
    To provide information for targeted support of female scientists, the objective of this study was to evaluate how female authors are represented in journals of five medical disciplines with varying rates of female physicians from the United States of America (USA), Europe, and Asia. For this retrospective bibliometric study 15 representative gynecologic, pediatric, radiologic, urologic, and surgical journals from the USA, Europe, and Asia were selected from the Web of Science database. From these, all n = 24182 publications of the years 2007/2008 and 2017/2018 were included. Gender and affiliations were assigned to first and senior authors using a software (Gender API, Passau, Germany), native speakers, and a web-based search. For statistics mixed logistic and multinomial logistic regression were applied. In pediatrics, radiology, and urology, highest female first and senior author shares were consistently found in journals from the USA. In European journals proportions across all disciplines tripled (odds ratio 2.96 [95% CI 2.60–3.37], P <.0001). Asian journals showed three-times fewer female authorships than journals from the USA or Europe and the smallest increase (1.36 [1.11–1.66], P =.0026). Compared to the proportion of female physicians within each specialty, female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals and female senior authors in journals of all regions. In journals from the USA most female authors originated from institutes within the USA (36.2%), in European journals from the USA (21.1%) or Europe (21.7%). Women from Asian institutes were worst represented in journals of all regions with lowest rates in Asian journals (9.4%). In conclusion female first authors remained underrepresented in Asian journals, female senior authors and women from Asian institutes in journals from all regions. Programs for gender equality in science are thus particularly necessary to support female senior authors, for Asian journals, and women from Asian institutes. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female Authorship in Radiology: Trends in the Past Decade in CARJ Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Li, N.
    ;
    Alabousi, M.
    ;
    Patlas, M.N.
    Purpose: To identify trends in female authorship in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (CARJ) from 2010 to 2019. Methods: We retrieved papers published in the CARJ over a 10-year period, and retrospectively reviewed 602 articles. All articles except editorials and advertisements were included. We categorized the names of the first and last position authors as female or male and excluded articles that had at least one author of which gender was not known. We compared the trends in the first and last position authors of the articles from 2010 to 2019. For statistical analysis, logistic regression was performed with reported odds ratios (ORs), and a P value of <.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: Five hundred thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Among them, 23 articles with a single author were classified as having only a first author. 39.8% (204/513) of first authors were female and 26.9% (132/490) of last authors were female. There has been an overall temporal increase in the odds of both the first and last author being female in CARJ publications (OR: 1.11, P =.034). Similarly, the odds a CARJ publication’s first author being female increased over time (OR: 1.07, P =.033). Female last author did not predict female first author (OR: 1.48, P =.056). There was no association identified between female last author and year of publication (OR: 1.04, P =.225). Conclusion: There has been an overall increase in engagement of female authorship in CARJ. © The Author(s) 2020.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Differences in Physical Activity and Health-Related Authorships Between 1950 and 2019 Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Kohn, Eduardo Ribes
    ;
    Hallal, Pedro Curi
    ;
    Niño-Cruz, Gloria Isabel
    ;
    Almentero, Julia
    ;
    Pinzón, Diana
    BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate gender differences in authorship in physical activity and health research. METHODS: A bibliometric study including 23,399 articles from 105 countries was conducted to estimate the participation of female researchers in physical activity publications from 1950 to 2019. The frequency of female researchers was analyzed and classified by first and last authors and the overall percentage of female authors by region and country. RESULTS: The proportion of female first authors increased from <10% in the 50s and 80s to 55% in the last decade. On the other hand, the proportion of last authors increased from 8.7% to 41.1% in the same period. Most publications with female researchers were from the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, the Netherlands, Spain, England, Germany, Sweden, and China. Nine of these countries had over 50% of the articles published by female first authors. However, in all 10 countries, <50% of the articles were published by female last authors. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of female researchers increased over time. However, regional differences exist and should be addressed in gender equity policies. There is a gap in the participation of female researchers as last authors. By actively addressing the gender gap in research, the global society can harness the full potential of all talented individuals, regardless of gender, leading to more inclusive and impactful scientific advancements.
  • Item type:Publication,
    How human capital, universities of excellence, third party funding, mobility and gender explain productivity in German political science Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Habicht, I.M.
    ;
    Lutter, M.
    ;
    Schröder, M.
    Using a unique panel dataset of virtually all German academic political scientists, we show that researchers become much more productive due to the accumulation of human capital and third party funding. We also show however, that while universities of excellence have more productive researchers, individuals who go there do not become more productive. Finally, we show how women publish only 9 percent less than men with the same level of prior publication experience, but are about 26 percent less productive over their entire career, as early productivity leads to later productivity, so that women increasingly fall behind. These results cannot be explained through the influence of childbearing. Rather, they support the ‘theory of limited differences’, which argues that small differences in early productivity accumulate to large differences over entire careers, as early success encourages later success. Apart from generally showing why political scientists publish more or less, we specifically identify accumulative advantage as the principal reason why women increasingly fall behind men over the course of their careers. © 2021, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    One hundred most-cited articles in head and neck surgery and analysis of female authorship Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Trent, M.S.
    ;
    Michelle, L.
    ;
    Roman, K.
    ;
    Kim, J.K.
    ;
    Haidar, Y.M.
    Background: While female head and neck surgeons have made significant contributions to the field, women's achievements in scientific communication have traditionally been underreported. Methods: A search of high-impact journals in the field of head and neck surgery was performed in the Elsevier's Scopus database to identify the top 100 most-cited articles. Results: The top 100 most-cited articles (during the span of 1953 and 2016) had the highest total number of citations between 2005 and 2009. Women accounted for 36% of first authors and 25% of corresponding authors. Change in the relative number of first female authors in these top 100 articles did not increase significantly between 1950 and 2019. Conclusion: The proportion of female first authors in head and neck surgery has not significantly increased over the past several decades, despite greater numbers of female trainees. Our findings support the need for additional research on female representation in head and neck surgery. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Influence on Authorship Pattern: A Case Study Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Singh Deo, P.
    ;
    Hangsing, P.
    Little is known about the existing gender disparities in library and information science research. The current study aims to analyze research articles from the Annals of Library and information studies journal from a gender perspective. The study looked at the author’s position in relation to their gender, various patterns of collaboration, and if this has affected citations. This study also attempts to determine the male and female authors’ research interests as the first author. The data were gathered from the Scopus database between 2011 and 2019 and were quantified using bibliometrics. Six distinct authorship patterns were recognized. The findings reveal men in first and last author positions constitute the highest research articles and citations indicating male authors to be more influential compared to females. Additionally, the study findings have provided an overview of the current state of women in library and information science research and highlighted areas where improvements can be made. © 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender gap in research: A bibliometric study of published articles in primary health care and general internal medicine Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Sebo, P.
    ;
    Maisonneuve, H.
    ;
    Fournier, J.P.
    Background: Many studies examined gender inequalities in research, but only a few data are available for general biomedical journals. We assessed the prevalence of female first authorship in general biomedical journals and examined its variations across a number of author, article and journal characteristics. Methods: This study was nested within a larger project designed to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of scientific articles. We retrieved 767 randomly selected articles published in 2016 in high impact factor journals of primary healthcare (n = 9) and general internal medicine (n = 9). We extracted the following data: Author (gender, number of publications and affiliation of the first author), paper (number of authors, number of participants and study design) and journal characteristics (journal discipline and 2015 impact factor). We compared the proportion of articles authored by women and men using univariate and multivariate logistic regressions adjusted for intra-cluster correlations. Results: The female authorship proportion was 48% (63% for primary healthcare and 33% for general internal medicine, P-value < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, women published fewer articles (<5 versus >15 publications: OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.1-2.4]), were more often affiliated with institutions in the Western world (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.2-3.9]), were more likely to publish qualitative studies (versus systematic reviews or experiments: OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.5-4.8]) and to publish in primary healthcare journals (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.1-2.7]). Conclusions: The underrepresentation of women in articles published by general internal medicine journals, in articles from the non-Western world and in systematic reviews and trials should be addressed. © The Author(s) 2020.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Differences in Hepatology Medical Literature Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Polanco, Nathalie A. Pena
    ;
    McNally, Bridgette B.
    ;
    Levy, Cynthia
    ;
    Carey, Elizabeth J.
    ;
    Palomique, Juvelyn
    BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that gender differences in academic medicine exist. Men frequently have better measures of performance such as number of publications, number of citations, remuneration, and funding. AIMS: To evaluate whether a gender disparity in authorship exists. METHODS: We recorded the gender of first and senior authors of original papers, editorials/reviews from liver-related manuscripts in Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Transplantation, American Journal of Gastroenterology, and Liver Transplantation from January 2014 to 2016. RESULTS: Of 2424 articles reviewed, we excluded 232 (10%) due to inability to determine gender. Among papers analyzed, 72.0% were original and 28.1% reviews/editorials with 65.1% of first authors being male and 34.9% female. Only 20.3% of papers with multiple authors had a female senior author. The proportion of male first and senior authorship between original papers and reviews/editorials was comparable. 72% of original papers had a male as first or senior author, but only 28% females. 71% of review/editorial papers had a male as first or senior author, but only 29% females. When the senior author of an original paper was female, 47.1% of first authors were male and 52.9% female. When the senior author was male, 67.1% of first authors were male and 32.9% female (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant gender difference exists in Hepatology publications. Female authorship mirrors the percentage of female AASLD membership; however, female senior authorship remains disproportionate. In general, funding for male authors is greater. Fewer women are first authors when the senior author is male, highlighting the importance of female mentorship in Hepatology.