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  • Item type:Publication,
    A longitudinal analysis of gendered career trajectories and academic efficiency in North American MD/PhD faculty Open PDF 
    (Informa UK Limited, 2026-05-28)
    Quon, Stephanie
    ;
    Joseph, Marissa
    ;
    Khosa, Faisal
    Gender disparities in academic medicine persist despite increasing women's representation in higher education. Prior research highlights the underrepresentation of women in senior ranks and leadership roles, yet few studies have assessed these disparities using time-adjusted productivity metrics. This study aims to evaluate gender-based differences in academic rank, scholarly productivity, and leadership representation among MD/PhD faculty in North America, accounting for career length and institutional variability. A secondary analysis was conducted on a dataset of 6,149 MD/PhD faculty from 122 accredited North American medical schools. Time-adjusted measures of productivity, H-index per year and citations per year, were calculated. Gender differences in rank, productivity, and leadership were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests and descriptive statistics. Institutional-level representation of women in leadership roles was also analyzed. Women held significantly lower academic ranks than males and were underrepresented in departmental leadership roles. Despite achieving assistant and full professorships earlier, women were overall less likely to reach these positions. Males exhibited higher time-adjusted H-index and citation rates (p < .0001), with a compounded 3.5-year publication gap. Institutional analysis revealed stark variability: 38 institutions had no women in MD/PhD leadership roles, while fewer than 20 percent achieved gender parity. Gender disparities in academic medicine cannot be explained by productivity alone. Structural barriers, opaque promotion criteria, and institutional cultures continue to impede women's advancement and leadership. Addressing these inequities requires transparent policies, targeted mentorship, equity audits, and inclusive leadership pathways to support a more equitable academic workforce.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Program Director Gender and Female Representation in United States Anesthesiology Residency Programs: A Website Content Analysis Open PDF 
    (Informa UK Limited, 2026-07)
    Dankievitch, Korinne
    ;
    Malgieri, Christopher James
    ;
    Corman, Benjamin HP
    ;
    Hayward, Geoffrey
    ;
    Argo, Jonathan
    PURPOSE: Female program directors (PD) have been suggested to influence gender representation and recruitment; however, their impact within anesthesiology residency programs remains unclear. This study evaluated whether PD gender is associated with differences in female resident and faculty representation and anesthesiology residency program website content. METHODS: Anesthesiology residency programs participating in the 2024-2025 National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) Match were identified through the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA). Program websites were evaluated for 13 predefined criteria across three domains: leadership and strategic vision, representation, and resources. Program characteristics, including full-time faculty and residents, were extracted. Scores across domains were compared by program director gender. Data presented as mean (standard deviation) or percentage (%). RESULTS: A total of 160 programs were included in the analysis; 38% were led by female and 62% by male program directors. Women represented 35% of residents and full-time faculty across all programs. Programs led by female program directors was associated with lower female representation among residents (27.9% vs. 42.8%) and full-time faculty (27.4% vs. 44.4%, p<0.001) compared to male-led programs. The mean overall website content score was 6.45 ± 3.11, with no difference by program director gender (6.82 ± 3.04 vs. 6.21 ± 3.13, p=0.253). However, representation domain scores were higher in programs with female program directors (2.20 ± 0.95 vs.1.82 ± 1.06; p=0.042). CONCLUSION: Women represent more than one-third of anesthesiology program directors, residents, and full-time faculty, reflecting continued progress toward gender equity within the specialty. However, programs led by female program directors had lower female representation among residents and full-time faculty, despite stronger emphasis on visual and descriptive representation within website content. Together, these findings suggest that while leadership equity remains important, recruitment, representation, and workforce equity are shaped by broader structural and institutional factors beyond program director gender alone.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A Data-Based Approach to Evaluating Representation by Gender and Affiliation in Key Presentation Formats at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Nobles, C.J.
    ;
    Lu, Y.-L.
    ;
    Andriessen, V.C.
    ;
    Bevan, S.S.
    ;
    Radoc, J.G.
    The annual meeting of the Society for Epidemiologic Research (SER) is a major forum for sharing new research and promoting the career development of participants. Because of this, evaluating representation in key presentation formats is critical. For the 3,257 presentations identified at the 2015-2017 SER annual meetings, we evaluated presenter characteristics, including gender, affiliation, subject area, and h-index, and representation in 3 highlighted presentation formats: platform talks (n = 382), invited symposium talks (n = 273), and chairing a concurrent contributed session or symposium (n = 188). Data were abstracted from SER records, abstract booklets, and programs. Gender was assessed using GenderChecker software, and h-index was determined using the Scopus application programming interface. Log-binomial models were adjusted for participant characteristics and conference year. In adjusted models, women were less likely than men to present an invited symposium talk (relative risk = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.45, 0.81) compared with all participants with accepted abstracts. Researchers from US public universities, US government institutions, and international institutions were less likely to present a symposium talk or to chair a concurrent contributed session or symposium than were researchers from US private institutions. The research areas that were most represented in platform talks were epidemiologic methods, social epidemiology, and cardiovascular epidemiology. Our findings suggest differences in representation by gender, affiliation, and subject area after accounting for h-index. © 2021 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Disparity in Pediatric Surgery: An Evaluation of Pediatric Surgery Conference Participation Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Lee, SY
    ;
    Mor, S
    ;
    Lazar, SV
    ;
    Hassan, AS
    ;
    Farmer, DL
    Background: Leadership in academic conferences is an important factor for academic advancement. Underrepresentation of women in academic surgical conferences has been demonstrated in other subspecialties, but it has not been well-studied in pediatric surgery. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study analyzes conference participation at 2 national pediatric surgery annual conference programs from 2003 to 2022. Moderator, speakers, and research presenter sex was collected. The primary outcome was the proportion of female participants in each of these roles. Mann-Kendall trend test was conducted to assess for significance. Results: Across 29 meetings, a total of 523 sessions were examined. Overall, female participation in all roles increased from 2003 to 2022. There were statistically positive trends of female participation in leadership roles as moderator (p = 0.003) and speaker (p = 0.01), with moderator role demonstrating the largest proportional female increase over time - with a 7-fold increase from 7.1% in 2003 to 50.0% in 2022. There was also a significant increasing trend in female participation as research presenters (p < 0.01) from 25.4% to 46.4%. Conclusion: Gender representation in pediatric surgery conferences has improved over the last two decades. Women now represent approximately half of all participatory roles, and efforts to continue providing equal opportunities for women at pediatric surgery academic conferences should continue. Level of evidence: N/A. Type of study: Retrospective Descriptive. (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female and low- and middle-income authorship trends in high-impact ENT journals (2011-2020) Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Jashek-Ahmed, Farizeh
    ;
    Daudu, Davina
    ;
    Heer, Baveena
    ;
    Ali, Hawa
    ;
    Wiedermann, Joshua
    INTRODUCTION: Despite a recent drive to increase diversity, the global academic workforce is skewed in favor of authors from high-income countries, and women are under-represented in the published medical literature. OBJECTIVES: To explore the trends in authorship of three high-impact otolaryngology journals over a ten-year period (2011-2020). METHODS: Journals selected: JAMA Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Laryngoscope and Rhinology. Articles were reviewed from four issues per journal per year, and data was collected on: time of publication; subspeciality; number of authors; sex of first and last authors; country of practice of first author and country where each study was conducted. Trends were examined though univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: 2998 articles were included. 93.9% of first authors and 94.2% of studies were from high-income countries.Women were first authors in 31.5% (n = 912) and senior authors in 18.4% (n = 524) of articles. Female first authorship significantly increased between 2011 and 2020 however female senior authorship remained the same. There have been no significant changes in the proportion of published articles from low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) over time (p = .65). Amongst the LMIC articles, 72% came from Brazil, Turkey or China and there were no published papers from countries with a low-income economy (gross national income per capita of $1085 or less). CONCLUSIONS: Although female first authorship has increased in the last decade, there has been minimal other demographic change in authorship over this time. High-impact otolaryngology journals poorly represent academia in low-and-middle income countries. There is a need for increased advocacy promoting gender and geographical research equity in academic medicine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Representation in Authorship of Academic Dermatology Publications During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Szeto, Mindy D.
    ;
    Laughter, Melissa R.
    ;
    Maymone, Mayra B. C.
    ;
    Patel, Payal M.
    ;
    Sivesind, Torunn E.
    Analyses of women dermatology literature authorship from 2018 to 2022 reveal a slight increase in total female authors, female first authors, and female senior authors with no substantial immediate impact of COVID-19 on current trends, encouraging future examination of long-term effects and ongoing promotion of systemic initiatives to support gender equity.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender representation in economics across topics and time: evidence from the NBER
    (Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2017)
    Chari, Anusha
    ;
    Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul
    We document the representation of female economists on the conference programs at the NBER Summer Institute from 2001 to 2016. Over the 2013-16 period, women made up 20.6 percent of all authors on scheduled papers. However, there was large dispersion across programs, with the share of female authors ranging from 7.3 percent to 47.7 percent. While the average share of women rose slightly?from 18.5 percent in 2001-04?a persistent gap between the finance, macroeconomics, and microeconomics subfields remains, with women representing 14.4 percent of authors in finance, 16.3 percent of authors in macroeconomics, and 25.9 percent of authors in microeconomics. We examine three channels potentially affecting female representation. First, using anonymized data on submissions, we show that the rate of paper acceptance for women is statistically indistinguishable from that of men. Second, we find that the share of female authors is comparable to the share of women among all tenure-track professors, but is 10 percentage points lower than the share of women among assistant professors. Finally, within conference programs, we find that when a woman organizes the program, the share of female authors and discussants is higher.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Race and gender bias in the research community on African lions Open PDF 
    (2019)
    Bauer, H.
    ;
    Gebresenbet, F.
    ;
    Kiki, M.
    ;
    Simpson, L.
    ;
    Sillero-Zubiri, C.
    We used bibliometric data to show that Black, African, and women researchers are underrepresented among authors of field studies on lions (Panthera leo) in Africa. This may lead to biased representation in institutions dealing with lion research and conservation and reinforce disenfranchisement with one of the most emblematic species in Africa. We discuss the causes, and ways for the lion research community to become more inclusive. © 2019 Bauer, Gebresenbet, Kiki, Simpson and Sillero-Zubiri.