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Language: search.filters.language.EnglishSubject: search.filters.subject.Nanotechnology

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  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender distinctions in patenting: Does nanotechnology make a difference? Open PDF 
    (2018)
    Meng, Y.
    Analyzing the domestic patent records filed with the United State Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in the 16-year time period from 1990 to 2005, this study benchmarks the collaboration patterns and gender-specific performance in patenting nanotechnology, a newly emerging field, with those in the general area across all technological fields (thereafter the overall tech area, a proxy of traditional technological fields). Going beyond what has been discovered in a previous study that women’s involvement in patenting is lower than their male peers in nanotechnology, the empirical evidence reported here suggests that the gap to women’s disadvantage was smaller in nanotechnology than in the overall tech area in the studied period. The major finding of this study is that, while more than 90% of patents across fields were from industry where patenting is least likely to be collaborative, nano-patents have more diverse origins (79% from industry and 21 from universities, government, public institutions, and cross-sectoral collaboration) and are more likely to be collaborative outcomes (including those from industry). The profile of nanotechnology patents in terms of workforce sectors has the implication that nanotechnology presents an environment where women are more able to catch collaborative opportunities and engage in patenting. Implications for future research are discussed correspondingly. © 2017, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in science: The case of scientific productivity in Nano Science & Technology during 2005-2007 Open PDF 
    (2014)
    Sotudeh, H.
    ;
    Khoshian, N.
    Although, women's contribution to science is crucial to social development, gender difference has been for a long time affecting the quantity and quality of scholarly activity. In spite of some improvements, women are still suffering from gender gap and biases in science world. Using a scientometric method with a comparative approach, the present communication aims to study women performance in Nano Science & Technology in terms of their scientific productivity and impact and to contrast them to their male counterparts. The significance of the study relies on the importance of a balanced development of human society in general and in different scientific milieus in specific. According to the research results, although female Nano-researchers are scarce in number, they equally perform in terms of scientific productions and impacts. That may imply gender egalitarianism in the field. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A cross-dimensional analysis of nanotechnology and equality: examining gender fairness and pro-poor potential in Canada’s R&D landscape Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Ghiasi, G.
    ;
    Harsh, M.
    ;
    Schiffauerova, A.
    This study provides a cross-dimensional analysis of two equity concerns related to Canadian nanotechnology, investigating the relationship between the development of nanotechnology applications that benefit the poor and the gender gap in the scientific workforce. Many affluent countries, like Canada, aspire to use R&D to reduce inequality in both economic and gender dimensions, which makes cross-dimensional analyses essential for responsible innovation to fully understand how technologies affect equality and to guide policy. Relevant publications and patents are analyzed to explore if Canadian nanotechnology was addressing the needs of the poor and then to examine gender disparities in research and innovative advancements of pro-poor applications of nanotechnology. Only a small percentage of analyzed articles and patents reflected pro-poor priorities and Canadian workplaces involved in pro-poor nano-applications were largely male-dominated. Results suggest that coordination between pro-poor and gender-responsive policies is needed to promote both more equitable and more inclusive forms of innovation. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Inequality and collaboration patterns in Canadian nanotechnology: implications for pro-poor and gender-inclusive policy Open PDF 
    (2018)
    Ghiasi, G.
    ;
    Harsh, M.
    ;
    Schiffauerova, A.
    Policymakers and scholars are increasingly concerned with how nanotechnology can reduce inequalities and provide benefits for disadvantaged and poor communities. This paper simultaneously addresses two concerns related to nanotechnology and equity: the lack of research and development focused on nanotechnology applications that benefit developing nations (pro-poor R&D) and the lack of women in nanotechnology fields. The paper focuses on Canada, an affluent country committed to both pro-poor and gender responsive policies. Social network analysis is used to examine the relationship between gender and collaboration patterns of authors and inventors whose work is related to pro-poor applications of nanotechnology. Findings reveal that female first-authored papers have a lower citation rate and are published in higher ranked journals compared to those papers first-authored by men. Nevertheless, when women are last or corresponding authors, their papers receive equal or higher citation rates and are published in lower or similar ranked journals. Women are as, or more, collaborative as their male peers in their co-authorship and co-inventorship networks. While the majority of male authors and male inventors collaborate exclusively with men, those involved in a mixed-gender team outperform male-only teams. Women, as both authors and inventors, are involved in more gender-balanced collaboration teams. The study calls for development and implementation of gender-related policies in Canada to increase the prevalence of female scientists in collaboration networks, and to support the participation of women in pro-poor areas. © 2018, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Who profits from the Canadian nanotechnology reward system? Implications for gender-responsible innovation Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Ghiasi, G.
    ;
    Beaudry, C.
    ;
    Larivière, V.
    ;
    St-Pierre, C.
    ;
    Schiffauerova, A.
    Gender equality is one of the primary dimensions of responsible research and innovation. Based on bibliometric and survey data of nanotechnology researchers in Canada, this paper analyzes the reward system of science in terms of gender and gender-related institutional cultures. This study reveals that the scientific culture of nanotechnology was perceived as more masculine by women than by men. The findings show that gender productivity gaps remain a challenge in the field and that these gaps are reinforced by the fact that the most productive researchers are less likely to collaborate with women. The results also show the amount of extra effort that women must devote to their research to retain their top status in academia, and the extent that their recognition when in top positions is fragile compared to men. This study confirms the cumulative advantage of creating a gender-inclusive culture that enables women to improve their scientific productivity and impact: such cultures tend to privilege first-author publications over patenting and thus prioritize a type of output where women have had more success. Finally, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving the number of women in research and the institutions where they work. © 2021, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific Research on Nanotechnology in Latin American Journals Published in SciELO: Bibliometric Analysis of Gender Differences Open PDF 
    (2019)
    Duran, E.
    ;
    Astroza, K.
    ;
    Ocaranza-Ozimica, J.
    ;
    Peñailillo, D.
    ;
    Pavez-Soto, I.
    Papers on nanotechnology in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) database were studied bibliometrically. The terms ‘nanotechnology’, ‘nanoparticle’, ‘graphene’, ‘fullerene’, ‘nanotube’ and ‘quantum dot’ were used for the search in their singular and plural forms in three languages (English, Portuguese and Spanish), and a total of 1205 papers were selected for the study to assess the frequency rates of the study variables. The results of the study are presented in this article focusing on gender differences. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.