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Educational strategies for integrating gender perspectives in health professions training: a systematic review to advance diversity, equity, and inclusion Open PDF
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-03-07)
López, Karina
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Cabanas, Ana María
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Pinazo, Fabian
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Zambrano, Nathalia
BACKGROUND: Preparing health professionals to deliver equitable, culturally competent care requires integrating gender perspectives throughout medical training. While essential for addressing health disparities affecting women, men, and gender-diverse populations, implementation approaches vary widely across institutions and regions. Evidence on effective strategies remains fragmented. This systematic review synthesizes educational interventions for gender-sensitive training, evaluates outcomes on student competencies, and examines global research patterns to identify equity gaps in the scholarship itself. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we conducted a prospectively registered systematic review (PROSPERO CRD420251132158). We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published between 2015 and 2025 that evaluated educational strategies for integrating gender perspectives in health professions training. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal using a generic risk-of-bias tool. Thematic synthesis identified core educational strategy domains and their effectiveness. We complemented this with bibliometric mapping (co-citation, co-authorship, co-word analysis) to examine geographic distribution of research, international collaboration patterns, and conceptual evolution in the field. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies met inclusion criteria from 133 records. Six educational strategy domains emerged from thematic synthesis: curricular design, active learning methodologies, faculty development, assessment systems, digital technologies, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Interventions consistently improved clinical knowledge of gender-diverse health needs, recognition and reduction of implicit bias, ethical sensitivity, and gender-affirming communication skills. Bibliometric analysis revealed striking geographic concentration: 72.2% of research originates from European institutions (38% from Germany alone), with minimal international collaboration (12.5) and virtually no Global South representation. This pattern highlights persistent inequities in whose perspectives shape DEI frameworks in medical education. CONCLUSIONS: Integrating gender perspectives into health professions education represents an evidence-based strategy for advancing DEI principles and preparing providers to deliver equitable, culturally competent care. Effective implementation requires dedicated institutional commitment through three key mechanisms: dedicated change agents who champion gender equity, formal structural integration rather than ad-hoc interventions, and systematic faculty development programs. However, the geographic concentration of research in high-income Western contexts raises critical questions about equity in DEI scholarship itself. Achieving gender equity in healthcare globally requires parallel commitments: integrating gender-sensitive curricula in all institutions while ensuring that diverse global voices, especially from the Global South, meaningfully shape DEI discourse and frameworks. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD420251132158.
The Most-Cited Publications in Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Bibliometric Analysis Open PDF
(2022)
Oleru, O.O.
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Rohde, C.H.
Background: Gender-affirming surgery is becoming more common among reconstructive surgeons. Bibliometric analyses are statistical evaluations of published scientific correspondence and are a validated method of measuring influence in the scientific community. As no such bibliometric analysis has been done as of yet, the purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the 50 most-cited peer-reviewed articles on gender-affirming surgery. Methods: The Scopus abstract and citation database was utilized in April 2020 to search for English-language publications related to gender-affirming surgery. The 50 most-cited publications that met inclusion criteria were reviewed for various metric tabulations. Results: The 50 publications have been cited a total of 4402 times. Thirty-one (62%) were published in 2000 or later. Phalloplasty was the most discussed surgical technique, and 18 of the articles focused on female-to-male (FtM) patients. Case series (46%) and review articles (24%) were most common and there were no Level I or Level II studies. The Netherlands contributed the most, with 13 articles. Among the most frequent keywords in the 50 abstracts were “flap” and “complication”. The earliest author keywords used were “transsexual” and “sex reassignment”. Conclusions: The keyword usage in these abstracts over time seems to follow the trend of a more socially inclusive lexicon. A focus on studies with a higher level of evidence may optimize surgeon education and more appropriately guide clinical practice. This study reveals that the most influential and commonly referenced studies may not be sufficient to appropriately guide clinical practices. © 2022 The Author(s).
Twenty-Five Years of Progress-Lessons Learned From JMIR Publications to Address Gender Parity in Digital Health Authorships: Bibliometric Analysis Open PDF
(2024)
Meyer, A.
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Streichert, T.
Background: Digital health research plays a vital role in advancing equitable health care. The diversity of research teams is thereby instrumental in capturing societal challenges, increasing productivity, and reducing bias in algorithms. Despite its importance, the gender distribution within digital health authorship remains largely unexplored. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the gender distribution among first and last authors in digital health research, thereby identifying predicting factors of female authorship. Methods: This bibliometric analysis examined the gender distribution across 59,980 publications from 1999 to 2023, spanning 42 digital health journals indexed in the Web of Science. To identify strategies ensuring equality in research, a detailed comparison of gender representation in JMIR journals was conducted within the field, as well as against a matched sample. Two-tailed Welch 2-sample t tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and chi-square tests were used to assess differences. In addition, odds ratios were calculated to identify predictors of female authorship. Results: The analysis revealed that 37% of first authors and 30% of last authors in digital health were female. JMIR journals demonstrated a higher representation, with 49% of first authors and 38% of last authors being female, yielding odds ratios of 1.96 (95% CI 1.90-2.03; P<.001) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.71-1.84; P<.001), respectively. Since 2008, JMIR journals have consistently featured a greater proportion of female first authors than male counterparts. Other factors that predicted female authorship included having female authors in other relevant positions and gender discordance, given the higher rate of male last authors in the field. Conclusions: There was an evident shift toward gender parity across publications in digital health, particularly from the publisher JMIR Publications. The specialized focus of its sister journals, equitable editorial policies, and transparency in the review process might contribute to these achievements. Further research is imperative to establish causality, enabling the replication of these successful strategies across other scientific fields to bridge the gender gap in digital health effectively. © 2024 JMIR Publications Inc.. All rights reserved.
Gender Differences in Original Archivos de Bronconeumología Publications, 2001-2018 Open PDF
(2021)
López-Padilla, D.
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García-Río, F.
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Alonso-Arroyo, A.
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Arenas Valls, N.
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Cerezo Lajas, A.
Introduction: Gender inequality exists in scientific publications. The aim of this study was to determine changing patterns in gender differences and factors associated with the positioning of authors’ names in original articles published in Archivos de Bronconeumología (AB). Methods: We performed a bibliometric study of articles published in AB between 2001 and 2018. Author gender was analysed in four scenarios: first author, last author, middle authors, and mentee authors. Comparisons were made by authors’ specialties, funding received, multicentre studies, specialist areas, and others. Multivariate models adjusted for the percentage of registered physicians in the Spanish health system were created to predict the female gender of the first, middle, and last author. Results: A total of 828 publications were analysed in which women appeared as first authors in 286 (34.5%) and last authors in 169 (20.4%). A gradual increase in women as first authors was observed (P = .0001), but not as last authors (P = .570). Overall, the average number of female authors increased over time (from 1.6 ± 1.4 in 2001-2005 to 3.3 ± 2.3 in 2016-2018, P = .0001), with no differences in male averages. The adjusted multivariate models reflected a positive bi-directional relationship between the first author and the middle authors, and a negative association between the first author being Spanish and the last author being female (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.88, P = .012). Conclusions: Gender differences were found in various aspects of authorship in AB, summarized by a greater participation of women as first and intermediate authors, but not as last authors. © 2020 SEPAR
Gender issues within climate change research: a bibliometric analysis Open PDF
(2021)
Kovaleva, M.
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Filho, W.L.
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Borgemeister, C.
The last decades are recognized as a period when a gender-sensitive perspective being broadly acknowledged by the majority of actors involved in the field of climate change. Existing gender inequalities exacerbated by climate change urge the inclusion of a differentiated female-male approach into research, decision-making processes, adaptation, and mitigation. This paper quantitatively reviews scientific contributions in the gender subfield within climate change research published between 1996-2020 by adapting a bibliometric analysis approach. The literature was extracted from Web of Science, Google Scholar, and World Bank's repositories. The results of the co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and co-authorship analyses were mapped by using the VOS viewer software. The selection criteria were developed to maximize the thematic coverage of the publications that could be referred to the gender subfield within climate change research. The findings help better understand the overall developments in the gender subfield in terms of discussed topics, authors and institutional collaborations, contributions of international organizations in the capacity of authors, and an amount of grey literature. The review might represent an interest for further studies in consideration of new research topics, geographical focus, compositions of co-authors teams, and be communicated in debates on gender within the climate change context. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Impact as equalizer: the demise of gender-related differences in anti-doping research Open PDF
(2024)
Kiss, A.
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Soós, S.
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Petróczi, A.
In general, the presence and performance of women in science have increased significantly in recent decades. However, gender-related differences persist and remain a global phenomenon. Women make a greater contribution to multidisciplinary research, which renders anti-doping research a compelling area for investigating the gendered aspects of academic research. The research design was based on the overall research aim to investigate whether gender in a specific field (ADS) has an effect on different aspects of research impact, including (1) the size of citation impact obtained by the research output, (2) the impact on the development of the knowledge base of ADS, expressed as the capacity of integrating knowledge from different research areas, and (3) the (expected) type of research impact targeting either societal or scientific developments (or both). We used a previously compiled dataset of 1341 scientific outputs. Using regression analysis, we explored the role of authors’ gender in citations and the effect of authorship features on scientific impact. We employed network analysis and developed a novel indicator (LinkScore) to quantify gendered authors’ knowledge integration capacity. We carried out a content analysis on a subsample of 210 outputs to explore gender differences in research goal orientation as related to gender patterns. Women’s representation has been considerably extended in the domain of ADS throughout the last two decades. On average, outputs with female corresponding authors yield a higher average citation score. Regarding women's knowledge integration roles, we can infer that no substantial gender differences can be detected. Dominantly female papers were overrepresented among publications classified as aimed at scientific progress, while the share of male-authored papers was higher in publications classified as aimed at societal progress. Although no significant gender difference was observed in knowledge integration roles, in anti-doping women appear to be more interdisciplinary than men. © The Author(s) 2024.
Gender effects in research evaluation Open PDF
(2017)
Jappelli, T.
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Nappi, C.A.
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Torrini, R.
The paper contributes to the literature on gender gap in research investigating whether there is a gender gap in research evaluation. We use detailed data on 180,000 research papers evaluated during the Italian national research assessment (VQR 2004–2010) conducted by the Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes (Anvur). The data are merged with information on individual researchers and characteristics of referees. The most important empirical finding is that there is a significant gender gap in research evaluation. The gap is reduced once we control for researchers’ characteristics, such as age and academic rank, but is almost unaffected by the characteristics of the research output (monographs, journal articles, book chapters, etc.), co-authorships, international collaborations. Childbearing and maternity leaves do not account for the remaining gap in research evaluation. The evaluation method (peer review or bibliometric analysis) and the referee mix (whether men or women) do not disadvantage women. Analysis of a random sample of papers evaluated using bibliometric indicators and peer review reveals that bibliometric evaluation proves to be more favourable to women than peer review evaluation. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
A Retrospective of Women Entrepreneurship Research and Future Research Directions
(2024)
Iqbal, S.
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Farrukh, M.
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Bhaumik, A.
Entrepreneurship, and especially the involvement of women, is crucial to the advancement of the economy and society as a whole. By using bibliometric analysis, this article gives a thorough review of contemporary research on women’s entrepreneurship. This study examines a variety of factors, including countries, academic publications, authors and suggested areas for further research. The study’s objectives are to guide future research, educate policymakers and serve as a resource for researchers interested in furthering the study of women’s entrepreneurship and its societal implications. © 2024 MDI.
Gender and collaboration patterns in distance education research Open PDF
(2010)
Zawacki-Richter, O.
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von Prümmer, C.
This paper explores the associations between gender, collaboration and research methods in distance education research. Following a bibliometric approach, collaboration is operationalised through co-author relationships. The study is based on a review of 695 papers published in five prominent distance education journals between 2000 and 2008. It reveals a significant trend towards collaborative research in distance education. There are no significant gender differences regarding the number of co-authors of collaborative papers. However, female researchers significantly choose different research topics than their male colleagues. Women are over-represented in research areas such as learner characteristics, learner support or interaction, and communication in learning communities, while men are more concerned with topics stereotypically associated with them: technology and management. There is a significant propensity for female researchers to apply qualitative methods or to triangulate qualitative and quantitative methods. Research methods also affect collaboration. On average, research teams on quantitative projects are significantly bigger than those who produce articles that are qualitative in nature. © 2010 The Open University.
Gender in tourism research: perspectives from Latin America Open PDF
(2019)
Vizcaino-Suárez, L.P.
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Díaz-Carrión, I.A.
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the knowledge production on tourism gender research in Latin America and to reflect on the main challenges faced by this subfield. Design/methodology/approach: The study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the journal articles on tourism gender research in the largest scientific databases in Latin America: Redalyc, Scielo and Latindex. The paper examines variables such as year of publication, journal, authors, affiliation, types of articles, research topics, methodologies and geographical location of fieldwork. Findings: The study identified 153 gender aware papers from 70 journals for the period 2001-2015. The leading countries in the subfield are Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. The majority of papers are empirical and have a local scope. The main theoretical approaches derive from sociological and anthropological perspectives with a predominance of qualitative methodologies. There is a need to strengthen the theoretical and epistemological frameworks and increase international collaboration for knowledge exchange among tourism gender scholars. Research limitations/implications: The bibliometric analysis was limited to indexed journals with online access. It focused on academic articles and excluded research notes, book reviews and conference proceedings. Originality/value: As the main working languages of scientific production in Latin America are Spanish and Portuguese, this is the first attempt to make tourism gender research from this region visible for the predominantly Anglophone tourism academy, with the intention of identifying common challenges. © 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited.

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