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  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender disparities in scholarly productivity of US academic surgeons Open PDF 
    (Academic Press Inc., 2016)
    Mueller, C.M.
    ;
    Gaudilliere, D.K.
    ;
    Kin, C.
    ;
    Menorca, R.
    ;
    Girod, S.
    Background Female surgeons have faced significant challenges to promotion over the past decades, with attrition rates supporting a lack of improvement in women's position in academia. We examine gender disparities in research productivity, as measured by the number of citations, publications, and h-indices, across six decades. Materials and methods The online profiles of full-time faculty members of surgery departments of three academic centers were reviewed. Faculty members were grouped into six cohorts by decade, based on year of graduation from medical school. Differences between men and women across cohorts as well as by academic rank were examined. Results The profiles of 978 surgeons (234 women and 744 men) were reviewed. The number of female faculty members in the institutions increased significantly over time, reaching the current percentage of 35.3%. Significant differences in number of articles published were noted at the assistant and full but not at the associate, professor level. Women at these ranks had fewer publications than men. Gender differences were also found in all age cohorts except among the most recent who graduated in the 2000s. The impact of publications, as measured by h-index and number of citations, was not consistently significantly different between the genders at any age or rank. Conclusions We identified a consistent gender disparity in the number of publications for female faculty members across a 60-year span. Although the youngest cohort, those who graduated in the 2000s, appeared to avoid the gender divide, our data indicate that overall women still struggle with productivity in the academic arena. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A gender gap in the dermatology literature? Cross-sectional analysis of manuscript authorship trends in dermatology journals during 3 decades Open PDF 
    (2009)
    Feramisco, J.D.
    ;
    Leitenberger, J.J.
    ;
    Redfern, S.I.
    ;
    Bian, A.
    ;
    Xie, X.-J.
    Background: Despite a dramatic influx of female dermatologists during the last 30 years, women in academic dermatology departments remain relatively clustered in junior faculty positions. Research in other specialties showing a disparity in the academic productivity of women has led to many hypotheses regarding factors that may place them at a competitive disadvantage. It is unknown, however, whether similar differences in academic productivity might also serve as barriers to advancement in dermatology, or whether any productivity gap actually exists in this specialty that experienced a more substantial entry of women. Objective: Because publication in peer-reviewed journals is one of the core measures of academic productivity used in the promotion process, we evaluated trends in the prevalence of female authorship in top dermatology journals during the last 3 decades. Methods: We conducted an observational study of trends in the sex distribution of US authors in 3 prestigious general dermatology journals (in 1976, 1986, 1996, and 2006) and 3 subspecialty dermatology journals (in 2006 only). Journals were chosen based on published impact factors and citation half-lives. Results: During the last 3 decades, the proportion of women authoring manuscripts in the 3 major general dermatology journals increased from 12% to 48% of US-affiliated first authors (P < .001) and from 6.2% to 31% of US-affiliated senior authors (P < .001). Separate analyses by journal and by article type showed similar increases. The prevalence of female authors in subspecialty journals in 2006 was slightly more variable. Limitations: Although the publications selected for this study capture many of the most respected US journals in dermatology, they may not be representative of all journals in which dermatologists publish. Conclusions: Female dermatologists are authoring publications in growing numbers that match or exceed their prevalence in the academic and overall workforce. This suggests that other factors (differences in productivity outside of the publishing arena, differences in job descriptions or opportunities, differences in career aspirations, a lack of institutional support or flexibility, or gender bias) may be associated with the ongoing reduced advancement of women to senior academic dermatology ranks relative to their male colleagues, and further research is warranted to explore these possibilities. © 2009 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Is There Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery Resident Research Productivity? Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Ellsworth, B.K.
    ;
    Pascual-Leone, N.
    ;
    Gross, P.W.
    ;
    Barth, K.A.
    ;
    Doyle, S.M.
    Background: Compared with male senior authors, female senior authors publish less often in orthopedic journals than expected based on their population proportion. It is unknown whether this trend is also present among orthopedic trainees. Purpose: We sought to determine whether there is a gender discrepancy in the publication volume and authorship status among orthopedic residents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the research productivity of male and female orthopedic residents. The top 10 ranked US orthopedic surgery residencies by research output in 2021–2022 were obtained from Doximity. Residents’ names were recorded from each institution’s residency website. We classified each resident as male or female, searched on PubMed, and recorded the number of publications relevant to orthopedic surgery. Resident contribution to each publication was recorded as either a first/last author or a middle author. To assess contributions by postgraduate year, we compared male and female junior residents (PGY1-3) and senior residents (PGY4-5) using the number of total publications, middle author publications, first/last author publications, and the difference between the number of middle and first/last author publications. Results: Among the 335 male and 117 female residents included, male residents had more total publications than female residents. Among PGY4-5, male residents had more total publications and middle author publications. There was no difference in the number of first/last author publications between male and female PGY4-5 residents. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional analysis found that in the 2021–2022 academic year, male orthopedic surgery residents published more often than female residents, although among PGY4-5 residents, we found no gender differences in number of first/last author publications. The difference in total publications among PGY4-5 residents is likely due to differences in middle author publications. Future research should consider residents’ self-identified gender, including non-binary and gender-fluid identity. © The Author(s) 2023.