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Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
Cayón Somacarrera, S.
;
Alonso Rodríguez, C.
;
del Campo del Val, L.
;
Oleaga Zufiría, L.
;
Rodríguez Carnero, P.
Abstract Introduction There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. Results The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM’s history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. Conclusions Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality. Resumen Introducción Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo en la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE.UU. Materiales y métodos Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000–2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU, receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE.UU, comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medallas de oro el 31%. Conclusiones Aunque la desigualdad de género está disminuyendo, en radiología las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo. Es preciso trabajar para crear una profesión diversa e inclusiva que refleje la realidad demográfica.
Diferencias de género en Anestesiología. ¿En qué punto nos encontramos en España? Resultados de una encuesta nacional Open PDF
(Elsevier BV, 2020-08)
Aliaño, M.
;
Franco, G.
;
Gilsanz, F.
Resumen Objetivo En la última década se han publicado numerosos trabajos en los que se pone de manifiesto la persistencia de diferencias de género en medicina. La finalidad de este estudio fue investigar si este problema existe en la especialidad de Anestesiología en España. Métodos El estudio se llevó a cabo mediante una encuesta anónima que se distribuyó entre los especialistas en Anestesiología. El cuestionario estaba formado por 39 preguntas diseñadas para investigar la situación profesional, laboral y personal, así como las percepciones individuales en relación con la discriminación de género en el trabajo. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.619 encuestas, lo que representa el 17,6% del total de anestesiólogos de España; 654 participantes fueron hombres (40,4%) y 965 mujeres (59,6%). Las mayores diferencias fueron observadas en las siguientes áreas: el 70,0% de participantes informaron de que su jefe de servicio es un hombre. En relación con los puestos de liderazgo, el 25,2% de las mujeres que respondieron a la encuesta habían desempeñado algún puesto de confianza frente al 46,1% de los hombres (p < 0,001). En cuanto a la posición académica, el 10,3% de los hombres respondieron ser profesores de universidad en contraste con el 4,8% de mujeres (p < 0,001). El 46,0% de las mujeres que participaron en la encuesta piensan que existe discriminación de género en su profesión, mientras que solo el 12,6% de los hombres lo reconocieron. Un tercio de las mujeres (36,6%) consideran su condición de género una barrera para promocionar y tienen miedo de perder su trabajo por quedarse embarazadas. Además, tanto hombres como mujeres han presenciado un trato diferente por parte de pacientes y personal sanitario hacia sus compañeras anestesiólogas. Conclusión Los resultados de esta encuesta demuestran que existe una brecha de género en Anestesiología en España. En concreto, las mujeres están poco representadas en puestos académicos y de liderazgo, y un porcentaje considerable de encuestados perciben diferencias de género en el trabajo. Este estudio puede servir para monitorizar futuros cambios en nuestro país y como ejemplo para investigaciones en otros países vecinos. Abstract Objective Publications of diverse medical specialties confirm that gender differences still exist in the medical field. This particular study aims to investigate whether this problem exists in the specialty of Anaesthesiology in Spain. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed among anaesthesiologists in Spain. It had 39 questions and was designed to investigate professional position, work conditions, personal situation, and individual perceptions. The goal was to target the majority of anaesthesiologists working in Spain. Results Completed surveys were received from 1,619 respondents which represents 17.6% of the total number of anaesthesiologists in Spain; 654 respondents were male (40.4%) and 965 were female (59.6%). The greater differences were found in the following areas: 70.0% of the respondents advised that their head of department is male. When asked about management and leadership positions, 25.2% of female respondents had ever had any management role in contrast to 46.1% of men (p < 0.001). Regarding academic positions, 10.3% of male respondents are university professors in contrast to only 4.8% of women (p < 0.001). 46.0% of the women surveyed believe that gender discrimination exists in the workplace whereas only 12.6% of men reported the same. A third of women (36.6%) consider their gender a barrier to promotion and fear losing their job due to pregnancy. Furthermore, both genders have witnessed patients and colleagues treating staff differently according to gender. Conclusion The results of the survey show the existence of a gender gap among Spanish anaesthesiologists. Of particular note, women are under-represented in academic and leadership positions. Additionally, a considerable percentage of respondents perceive gender-based discrimination to be active in their workplaces. This study could serve as a template for future research in other neighbouring countries and as a means to monitor any changes in coming years.
Contributions in Spanish Scientific Journals of Ancient History (1970-2020): Analysis of Authorship According to Sex/Gender
(2022)
Mateo Corredor, D.
;
Pastor Quiles, M.
This paper analyses the contributions published on Antiquity studies during the last half century in a selection of Spanish impact journals, taking into account the sex/gender of the authorship, its proportion and its development over time. In addition, the possible existence of differences is addressed depending on whether the contributions are of one authorship or co-authorship, as well as the position of signature in the works of more than one person. Likewise, the topic of these investigations is taken into account, with which it is intended to determine whether authorships of one sex/gender or another predominate in the different thematic areas. This study shows that the proportion of female authors is low and, furthermore, that a progressive increase in female authorship can not been observed in the last decades. © 2022 Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. All rights reserved.
Spanish scientific production in literature through a gender perspective in the web of science (1975-2017) Open PDF
(2019)
Haba-Osca, J.
;
Osca-Lluch, J.
;
González-Sala, F.
A comparative study disaggregated by sex about the scientific production in the literature of researchers working in Spanish institutions, has identified 806 authors who have published some literature work in journals indexed in the WoS until 2017, and analyzed comparatively their productivity and collaboration patterns considering the sex variable. It was found that 55.51% of the authors identified were men, compared to 44.49% of women. The results show that men predominate among the major producers in the field of literature. While among moderate producers (2 to 5) works, 50.36% of the authors identified were men, compared to 49.64% of women. Although works realized individually predominate, as it happens in other scientific disciplines, it is observed that there is an increase of works written in collaboration. I was also observed that collaborative works done between 3 or 4 authors are made up by groups formed by men and women. As conclusion it could be indicated that in the Spanish literature gender equality does not yet exist, especially when considering the elite of the research. It is fundamental to deepen and continue carrying out studies that evaluate the evolution and trends in a disaggregated way by sex, to undertake the corrective measures necessary to achieve gender equality. © 2019, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.
Gender analysis of Spanish scientific publications in the area of substance abuse in biomedicine 1999-2004
(2007)
González-Alcaide, G.
;
Valderrama-Zurián, J.C.
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Navarro-Molina, C.
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Alonso-Arroyo, A.
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Bolaños-Pizarro, M.
Background and objective: Concern for encouraging gender equality makes it one of the high priority spheres of action for governments and organisations responsible for instigating scientific policies, with particular importance being placed on including the gender variable in evaluative analyses of scientific and technological activity. A comparative study was made, broken down by gender, of the scientific output of Spanish researchers with a high production in the field of substance abuse. Material and method: We identified the gender of 338 authors who had published more than four different articles during the period from 1999-2004 and which were indexed in the IME/Índice Médico Español and the SCI/Science Citation Index databases, making a comparative analysis of their output and collaboration patterns, based on the gender variable. Results: In the area of substance abuse, of those with the highest output (> 9 papers), 70% were men compared with 30% women. Among the average producers (5-9 papers), 57% of the authors identified were men and 43% women. Statistically significant differences were observed between men and women with the highest output with regard to the number of published works and those with whom they had collaborated. Conclusions: There is no gender equality in the area of substance abuse, particularly when considering the top researchers. It is essential to make in-depth studies that evaluate scientific output, broken down by gender, in order to adopt the necessary corrective measures to eliminate the disparity between men and women.
Gender trends at the annual Spanish Urologic Association (AEU) meeting: A review of AEU programmes over a 10-year period (2012-2022) Open PDF
(2024)
Sierra, A.
;
Mercader, C.
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Pagés, R.
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Seguí, E.
;
Musquera, M.
INTRODUCTION: Gender equity in urological meetings is pivotal for fostering diversity and inclusivity in the field. This study aims to evaluate the representation of Spanish urologist and regional disparities, and to assess its alignment with the demographic composition of the urological community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All urology meetings organized by the AEU between January 2012 and December 2022 were reviewed, including meeting information and details of the faculty. Additionally, we analysed geographic distribution of speakers across 17 different regions. Gender demographics were obtained disaggregating data by sex and year from the Organización Médica Colegial de España (OMC) and from those urologists affiliated to the AEU. RESULTS: Analysing 52 AEU congresses held from 2012 to 2022, encompassing 3,407 speakers, the study found that 95.25% of speakers were from Spain and 89.6% were male speakers. Over the years, there was a positive trend in female speaker representation, increasing by 1.1% annually, slightly lagging the 1.8% annual rise in the number of female urologists in Spain. In specific subfields like functional, transplantation, and oncology sessions, the study revealed a higher representation of women, indicating focused efforts in these areas. Geographically, Madrid, Catalonia and Andalusia exhibited the highest representation. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was a positive trend towards an increased participation of female urologists in Spanish urological meetings, it fails to accurately reflect the proportional increase in the number of women entering the urology profession in recent years. This study underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to ensure diverse and balanced representation in urological forum.
(Still) a man’s world. Analysis of the evolution of female authors presence in Spanish scientific journals on Archaeology (1970-2020) Open PDF
(2022)
Quiles, M.P.
;
Corredor, D.M.
This paper presents the study of authorship of men and women of the research contributions published in a selection of ten Spanish Archaeology journals over the last half century. The percentage of representation of women in these high-ranking journals and its evolution during this period is analysed. It is also addressed if there are differences in the proportion of female and male authors according to single and multiple authorships, in signature positions and whether the sex/gender of the first authorship has any influence in the rest. Besides, the study tackles the subject of these contributions and also in accordance with sex/gender of the authorship. The results obtained bring to light that despite the incorporation of women in Archaeology university studies and the profession during the last 50 years, men continue to be authors of the majority of the works published in these journals. This study shows that the low proportion of female authors has been sustained over time without observing a progression to an increasing representation of women as authors of these publications. © 2022 CSIC.
Bibliometric analysis of female authorship in original articles in the journal ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA Open PDF
(2021)
Giner-Soriano, M.
;
López-Pereiro, O.
;
Zabaleta-del-Olmo, E.
;
Pons-Vigués, M.
;
Morros, R.
Objectives: To determine the percentage of female authors in original articles published during 2 periods, in the journal of ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA (Primary Care), and to examine the differences between the categories of authorship (first, last author, and co-author) between both periods. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Feminine scientific production published during the periods 2007-2008 and 2017-2018. Participants: The study was focused on original articles. Main measurements: The following variables were collected in an ad hoc form: gender based on the name of the author, total number of women and men appearing as authors, and order of authorship. Absolute and relative authorship frequencies were calculated, and the χ2 test was used to examine the evolution of the percentages by type of authorship and gender. Results: A total of 108 articles were analysed in 2007-2008, and 100 in 2017-2018. No statistically significant differences were observed between the mean numbers of women authors within and between periods. In 2007-2008 a total of 548 female authors were identified and 540 in 2017-2018, the percentage of female authors was 48.7% and 54.4%, respectively. Only an increase in the percentage of first authors was observed between periods. Conclusions: Practically one out of every 2 authors of original articles published in the journal ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA was female. There was also a significant increase in the percentage of female first authors between the 2 periods. Nevertheless, and despite the greater number of health workers, the number of latest female authors remain unchanged, which points to the persistence of female under-representation. © 2019 The Authors
Gender analysis of papers published in Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría (1999-2006)
(2008)
Alonso-Arroyo, A.
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González-Alcaide, G.
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Bolaños Pizarro, M.
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Castelló Cogollos, L.
;
Valderrama-Zurián, J.C.
Introduction. The governments and organizations responsible for scientific policies try to encourage equality of gender, among their priorities that of obtaining equal participation and full integration of women in all aspects of the scientific profession. The study analyzes the scientific production of women in the areas of psychiatry by means of the bibliometric study of the papers published in ACTAS ESPAÑOLAS DE PSIQUIATRÍA. Method. A total of 458 papers published from 1999-2006 period were downloaded from the Science Citation Index-Expanded database, these including original research papers, review articles and clinical cases. A bibliometric study broken down by gender was carried out to determine the existence or inequalities between men and women regarding scientific productivity, type of document, order of author signatures, on the institutional and geographical level. Results. The papers were published by 1,194 different authors. The gender of 977 authors was identified, 587 (60.08%) men and 390 (39.92%) women. The percentage of women authorship has risen from 29.92% in 1999 to 38.86% in 2006. A total of 42.92% of authors having one published article were women, while «the multiple article producing women» (those with more than 9 articles) only accounted for 33%. Conclusion. Bibliometric studies on scientific activity provide essential information to promote gender equality. An annual increase over 1% in the number of female authors in the journal has been observed, which if it continues, will lead to a parity in coming years.
Gender analysis, scholarly productivity and collaboration of female university professors of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia (2003-2007) Open PDF
(2010)
Alonso-Arroyo, A.
;
Bolaños-Pizarro, M.
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González-Alcaide, G.
;
Villamón, M.
;
Aleixandre-Benavent, R.
The article presents an analysis of the scholarly output of female professors in the field of Health Science in the Autonomous Region of Valencia from 2003 to 2007, through bibliometric techniques and the application of a gender variable. The work attempted to identify how many women became large producers of scholarly articles compared to those who did not reach the same levels of productivity and impact. A total of 3,739 articles were retrieved during this period and the gender of all authors with more than 2 articles was identified. Of these authors 2,774 (60.41 %) were male and 1,818 (39.59 %) were female. Focusing solely on large producers, the percentage of women publishing more than 10 papers was reduced to 26.72 %. As regards to scientific collaboration, it is significant to note that women are included in all clusters of at least 10 authors and in some cases their presence is comparable with that of men. Although women's participation is lower than men's in all areas of knowledge, it is noteworthy that in Health Sciences the difference is not as great as in other technical areas. Women's contribution to the scientific field is increasing, suggesting the possibility of a significant improvement in gender parity in the coming years.

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