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  • Item type:Publication,
    A quasi-experimental study of ethnic and gender bias in university grading Open PDF 
    (Public Library of Science, 2021)
    Bischoff, C.S.
    ;
    Ejrnæs, A.
    ;
    Rubin, O.
    This paper contributes to the debate on race- and gender-based discrimination in grading. We apply a quasi-experimental research design exploiting a shift from open grading in 2018 (examinee’s name clearly visible on written assignments), to blind grading in 2019 (only student ID number visible). The analysis thus informs name-based stereotyping and discrimination, where student ethnicity and gender are derived from their names on written assignments. The case is a quantitative methods exam at Roskilde University (Denmark). We rely on OLS regression models with interaction terms to analyze whether blind grading has any impact on the relative grading differences between the sexes (female vs. male examinees) and/or between the two core ethnic groups (ethnic minorities vs. ethnic majority examinees). The results show no evidence of gender or ethnic bias based on names in the grading process. The results were validated by several checks for robustness. We argue that the weaker evidence of ethnic discrimination in grading vis-à-vis discrimination in employment and housing suggests the relevance of gauging the stakes involved in potentially discriminatory activities. Copyright: © 2021 Bischoff et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
  • Item type:Publication,
    An assessment protocol for gender analysis of medical literature Open PDF 
    (1999)
    Alexanderson, K.
    Although medical research has been criticized for gender bias, few studies have dealt with how such bias affects medical education and textbooks. There is an extensive body of literature showing that most scientific research has been performed by men on men or on male laboratory animals. The male is often considered the norm, the female the exception. This probably has a significant impact on the training of medical students, which is often gender biased, as well as on medical practice. A few studies have actually evaluated medical textbooks from a gender perspective, but a standard instrument or protocol is needed for such assessment. The present work, which was commissioned by a Swedish university, entailed the construction of an instrument that will facilitate gender analysis of medical textbooks.