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Does academic authorship reflect gender bias in pediatric surgery? An analysis of the Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2007–2017 Open PDF
(2020)
Marrone, Alexandra F.
;
Berman, Loren
;
Brandt, Mary L.
;
Rothstein, David H.
Background Gender representation in academic publications has been considered a surrogate for gender equity in medicine, although this concept has not been evaluated in pediatric surgery. Methods First and last author genders for Journal of Pediatric Surgery articles from United States and/or Canadian institutions (2007, 2012, 2017) were identified. These data were compared to gender proportions for applicants to and matriculants in pediatric surgery fellowships as well as among American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) members. Results Authorship gender was identified for 632/640 primary articles (98.8%). From 2007 to 2017, the proportion of women as first authors increased from 33.0% to 53.9% (p < 0.001) and as last authors from 16.2% to 26.4% (p = 0.01). The proportion of women fellowship applicants rose from 35.9% to 57.6% (p < 0.001); among those who successfully matched the rise was nonlinear (20.5%–34.0%, p = 0.16). APSA junior and senior women membership proportions rose during the study period [from 28.1% to 43.4% (p = 0.06 for linear trend) and 17.9% to 24.4% (p = 0.005 for linear trend), respectively]. Conclusions Over the past decade, the overall proportion of women authors in a leading academic pediatric surgery journal has increased significantly, although representation among last authors remains disproportionately low. The numbers of women applicants to pediatric surgery fellowship increased but there was not a concordant rise in the number of women accepted into training positions. Type of study Bibliometric analysis. Level of evidence n/a
Gender Gap in the Authorship of Scientific Publications: An Analysis Based on Revista Chilena de Fonoaudiología
(2024)
Toledo-Rodríguez, L.
;
Torres-Morales, F.
;
Escobar, C.Á.
;
Jara, C.
;
Jiménez-Moya, G.
Gender inequality is present in various social contexts, including academia and scientific practices, as reflected in the authorship of publications. The aim of this study is to determine whether differences exist between men and women regarding first authorship, the thematic areas investigated, and the effect of the first author's gender on team composition in articles published in Revista Chilena de Fonoaudiología between 1999 and 2020. An analytical and retrospective study was conducted using univariate Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with a log link, Poisson family, and robust estimation. The results showed that 53.4% of the articles had a woman as the first author, which dropped to 43.8% between 2016 and 2020. Men predominated in areas such as swallowing and voice, while women were more prominent in child communication and language (61.9%). Additionally, the probability of women being co-authors decreases when men are the first authors. These results indicate that, despite the relevant role of female scientists, the gender gap in publications persists. © 2024, Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia. All rights reserved.
Women’s role in neurosurgical research: is the gender gap improving? Open PDF
(2021)
Pastor-Cabeza, M.
;
Torné, R.
;
García-Armengol, R.
;
Menéndez-Osorio, B.
;
Mosteiro-Cadaval, A.
Objective The percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons. Methods Two of the most prominent neurosurgical journals—Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery—were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions’ region. Results A total of 1328 articles were analyzed. The percentage of female authors was significantly higher in Europe and Russia compared with the US and Canada (first authors: 60/302 [19.9%] vs 109/829 [13.1%], p = 0.005; and senior authors: 32/302 [10.6%] vs 57/829 [6.9%], p = 0.040). Significantly increased female authorship was observed from 2009 to 2019, and overall numbers of both first and senior female authors almost doubled. However, when analyzing by regions, female authorship increased significantly only in the US and Canada. Female authors of neurosurgical research articles were significantly less likely to hold an MD degree compared with men. Female neurosurgeons serving as senior authors were represented in only 3.6% (48/1328) of articles. Women serving as senior authors were more likely to have a female colleague listed as the first author of their research (29/97 [29.9%] vs 155/1231 [12.6%]; χ2 = 22.561, p = 0.001). Conclusions Although this work showed an encouraging increase in the number of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research, the stagnant trend in Europe may suggest that a glass ceiling has been reached and further advances in equity would require more aggressive measures. The differences in the researchers’ profiles (academic title and affiliation) suggest an even wider gender gap. Cultural unconscious bias may explain why female senior authors have more than double the number of women serving as their junior authors compared with men. While changes in the workforce happen, strategies such as publishing specific issues on women, encouraging female editorials, and working toward more gender-balanced editorial boards may help our journals to portray a more equitable specialty that would not discourage bright female candidates. ©AANS 2021, except where prohibited by US copyright law

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