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  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender gaps in research productivity and recognition among elite scientists in the U.S., Canada, and South Africa Open PDF 
    (Public Library of Science, 2020)
    Sá, Creso
    ;
    Cowley, Summer
    ;
    Martinez, Magdalena
    ;
    Kachynska, Nadiia
    ;
    Sabzalieva, Emma
    This study builds upon the literature documenting gender disparities in science by investigating research productivity and recognition among elite scientists in three countries. This analysis departs from both the general comparison of researchers across organizational settings and academic appointments on one hand, and the definition of “elite” by the research outcome variables on the other, which are common in previous studies. Instead, this paper’s approach considers the stratification of scientific careers by carefully constructing matched samples of men and women holding research chairs in Canada, the United States and South Africa, along with a control group of departmental peers. The analysis is based on a unique, hand-curated dataset including 943 researchers, which allows for a systematic comparison of successful scientists vetted through similar selection mechanisms. Our results show that even among elite scientists a pattern of stratified productivity and recognition by gender remains, with more prominent gaps in recognition. Our results point to the need for gender equity initiatives in science policy to critically examine assessment criteria and evaluation mechanisms to emphasize multiple expressions of research excellence.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Bibliometrics as a tool for measuring gender-specific research performance: An example from South African invasion ecology Open PDF 
    (2012)
    Prozesky, H.
    ;
    Boshoff, N.
    Citations to published work are gaining increasing prominence in evaluations of the research performance of scientists. Considering the importance accorded to gender issues in South African science, it is surprising that (to our knowledge) no research has as yet ascertained the extent of sex differences in citations to the published work of scientists in this country. Our literature study shows that studies that have been conducted elsewhere tend to neglect in their analyses important gender-related and other factors, such as the sex composition of multi-authored papers and the extent of foreign co-authorship. Against this background, we illustrate the difficulties inherent in measuring the quality aspect of sex-specific research performance by means of an analysis of a dataset of articles (n = 229) that were published between 1990 and 2002 in the field of invasion ecology and in journals included in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. Each article has at least one South African author address. The results indicate that foreign co-authorship is a better correlate of high citations than the sex of South African authors, and this is true irrespective of whether the annual citation rate or window period is used, whether or not self-citations are excluded, and whether or not the number of authors is controlled for by calculating fractional counts. The paper highlights these and other considerations that are relevant for future gender-focused bibliometric research, both in South Africa and beyond. © 2011 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in the journal publication productivity of south african academic authors Open PDF 
    (2006)
    Prozesky, H.
    Today one of the most contentious issues within the emerging field of Science and Technology Studies in South Africa relates to the position and participation of women scientists in academia. This paper presents the results of a secondary analysis of data contained in a national database of journal publications and their authors. The objective is to describe the nature and extent of gender differences in journal publication productivity among South African academics during the period 1990–2001. The paper also makes a methodological contribution by highlighting issues and making recommendations for further analyses of South African bibliometric databases. The data show that, on average during the period studied, men published almost twice as many articles in accredited journals as women, and that gender differences in both extremes of publication productivity determined this gap. Possible explanations for the observed differences are put forward in the form of a summary of the most important theoretical explanations for gender differences in publication productivity. An assessment is made of their potential relevance in the South African context, in order to identify priorities for future research on the issue of gender differences in publication productivity among South African academics. © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All right reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Metrics-based profiling of university research engagement with Africa: research management, gender, and internationalization perspective Open PDF 
    (2019)
    Payumo, J.G.
    ;
    Monson, J.
    ;
    Jamison, A.
    ;
    Fenwick, B.W.
    U.S. university engagement with Africa in various areas including global health, education, environment, and agriculture has grown in the last 15 years. However, there is limited literature that acknowledges the scholarly output and impact of U.S.-Africa university research collaboration in support of their respective institutions’ comprehensive internationalization goals. Using Michigan State University (MSU)—a public, research-intensive, land grant university with long history of engagement with Africa, as a case study, this paper aims to measure the research output, describe the collaboration patterns and research trends, and assess the impact of MSU’s research engagement on Africa for the last 10 years (2006–2015). It also attempts to determine the gender dimension of MSU’s research focus on Africa. Our scientometric and social network analysis provide strong quantitative evidence of scholarly success, research focus and diversification, collaboration, and impact on MSU’s engagement on Africa, especially in science, technology, engineering, and math-related disciplines. The co-authorship data provides evidence of greater collaboration of MSU with non-African countries on African-focused research but a growing number of partner institutions from African countries. This growing collaboration provides significant benefits on strategic research conducted and its impact, as well as increasing the recognition of African researchers as contributors to impactful international research collaborations and improving the ability of MSU and its global and African partners to co-generate knowledge and innovation that can help solve global problems more effectively. Finally, this study provides additional evidence of the increasing involvement of women in advancing knowledge and global innovation to address Africa’s socio-economic development challenges. The paper, overall, contributes to the science, research management, and gender perspectives of university internationalization goals and initiatives. © 2019, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender equity in health research publishing in Africa Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Baobeid, Anwaar
    ;
    Faghani-Hamadani, Tara
    ;
    Sauer, Sara
    ;
    Boum, Yap
    ;
    Hedt-Gauthier, Bethany L.
    INTRODUCTION: Women researchers find it more difficult to publish in academic journals than men, an inequity that affects women's careers and was exacerbated during the pandemic, particularly for women in low-income and middle-income countries. We measured publishing by sub-Saharan African (SSA) women in prestigious authorship positions (first or last author, or single author) during the time frame 2014-2016. We also examined policies and practices at journals publishing high rates of women scientists from sub-Saharan Africa, to identify potential structural enablers affecting these women in publishing. METHODS: The study used Namsor V.2, an application programming interface, to conduct a secondary analysis of a bibliometric database. We also analysed policies and practices of ten journals with the highest number of SSA women publishing in first authorship positions. RESULTS: Based on regional analyses, the greatest magnitude of authorship inequity is in papers from sub-Saharan Africa, where men comprised 61% of first authors, 65% of last authors and 66% of single authors. Women from South Africa and Nigeria had greater success in publishing than those from other SSA countries, though women represented at least 20% of last authors in 25 SSA countries. The journals that published the most SSA women as prominent authors are journals based in SSA. Journals with overwhelmingly male leadership are also among those publishing the highest number of SSA women. CONCLUSION: Women scholars in SSA face substantial gender inequities in publishing in prestigious authorship positions in academic journals, though there is a cadre of women research leaders across the region. Journals in SSA are important for local women scholars and the inequities SSA women researchers face are not necessarily attributable to gender discrepancy in journals' editorial leadership.