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  • Item type:Publication,
    Does gender structure influence R&D efficiency? A regional perspective Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Kou, M.
    ;
    Zhang, Y.
    ;
    Zhang, Y.
    ;
    Chen, K.
    ;
    Guan, J.
    The gender structure in research and development (R&D) activities has received more and more attention in terms of its increasing importance in R&D management, but it is still not clear what the R&D efficiency discrepancy between female and male personnel is in the science and technology (S&T) field and whether the gender structure affects the R&D efficiency. Based on the region-level panel dataset of China’s research institutes, this study uses four types of R&D outputs (papers, books, patents and standards) together and individually to measure R&D efficiency score to reveal this topic. When four types of R&D outputs are jointly considered, this paper applies the multi-output stochastic frontier analysis and finds that in general the higher proportion of male R&D personnel produces the higher R&D efficiency. Nevertheless, in terms of S&T papers or S&T books as a single R&D output, we find that the higher proportion of female R&D personnel leads to the higher R&D efficiency. On the contrary, the R&D efficiency is lower with the higher proportion of female R&D personnel when the single R&D output is measured by invention patent applications or national/industrial standards, respectively. Our findings suggest that the female R&D personnel are more effective in conducting scientific research activities, while their counterparts are more effective in doing technology development activities. © 2019, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women Underrepresentation in R&I: A Sector Program Assessment of the Contribution of Gender Equality Policies in Research and Innovation. Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Striebing, Clemens
    ;
    Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia
    ;
    Palmén, Rachel
    ;
    Holzinger, Florian
    ;
    Nagy, Beata
    Despite decades of efforts to achieve gender equality in research and innovation (R&I), all EU member states still face remarkable difficulties in driving forward the development of their innovation system while at the same time improving gender equality by using all the available research potential. In this paper we focus on the development of the share of women researchers in four national innovation systems, i.e. in Austria, Denmark, Hungary and Spain in the time period 2005-2015. The four selected cases represent countries with significant differences in their innovation capacity, gender regimes and progress of gender equality in R&I. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is carried out to conduct a sector program evaluation based on statistical data and qualitative studies to understand the dynamic development of the proportion of women researchers. The study aims to provide insights into the aggregated gender equality interventions and policies implemented in the four countries studied and their contributions to the development of the proportion of women scientists at the structural level. The analysis reveals that the development of the share of women researchers during the studied period has been particularly influenced by contextual factors, namely the relative size of the business enterprise sector and the share of women among holders of tertiary education. While this is the case, it is found that gender equality interventions need to be more widespread and more effectively designed to be a strong contributing factor to an increasing representation of women in R&I.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender in mental health research: A bibliometric analysis Open PDF 
    (2011)
    Stengler, K.
    ;
    Glaesmer, H.
    ;
    Dietrich, S.
    Are gender specific aspects reflected in current psychiatric- psychotherapeutical research in Germany? The analysis is based on original research published in three German journals (Psychotherapeut; Psychiatrische Praxis; Psychotherapie • Psychosomatik •Medizini sche Psychologie) in 2009 and 2010. Gender specific aspects were examined in only 16 out of 191 papers. Only three of these 16 papers reported results for both genders. Though the number of papers with male and female first authorship was roughly equal in all papers reviewed, more than two thirds (69%) of the papers dealing with gender specific aspects have been written by women. Most papers referred to gender in the sample characteristics, however, only 25% of the papers actually included gender in their statistical analyses. Even though gender has a strong impact on mental health and mental illness, to date, gender differences still appear to have been insufficiently addressed. More attention should be given to gender-specific results. This will facilitate gender-specific inferences and appropriate healthcare decisions. © 2011 Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Who profits from the Canadian nanotechnology reward system? Implications for gender-responsible innovation Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Ghiasi, G.
    ;
    Beaudry, C.
    ;
    Larivière, V.
    ;
    St-Pierre, C.
    ;
    Schiffauerova, A.
    Gender equality is one of the primary dimensions of responsible research and innovation. Based on bibliometric and survey data of nanotechnology researchers in Canada, this paper analyzes the reward system of science in terms of gender and gender-related institutional cultures. This study reveals that the scientific culture of nanotechnology was perceived as more masculine by women than by men. The findings show that gender productivity gaps remain a challenge in the field and that these gaps are reinforced by the fact that the most productive researchers are less likely to collaborate with women. The results also show the amount of extra effort that women must devote to their research to retain their top status in academia, and the extent that their recognition when in top positions is fragile compared to men. This study confirms the cumulative advantage of creating a gender-inclusive culture that enables women to improve their scientific productivity and impact: such cultures tend to privilege first-author publications over patenting and thus prioritize a type of output where women have had more success. Finally, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving the number of women in research and the institutions where they work. © 2021, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Evaluation framework for promoting gender equality in research and innovation: How to define suitable indicators to evaluate gender equality effects in R&I systems?
    (2019)
    Bührer, S.
    ;
    Schmidt, E.K.
    ;
    Reidl, S.
    ;
    Palmen, R.
    ;
    Groo, D.
    Since the topic of "women in research and innovation" has been on the agenda for decades and numerous measures have been implemented at both national and international level to improve the equality of women in the research and innovation systems, it is still unclear under which conditions which measures are most effective. Even less research has been carried out into the effects of better representation of women in terms of (responsible) research and innovation results. Within this paper, an evaluation approach shall be presented, which starts exactly here and uses case studies to show how the concrete implementation of the evaluation model in practice takes place. Furthermore, the results of on the case studies are presented that show how national gender equality measures addressing Higher Education Institutions as well as Research Performing Organisations do not only achieve a better representation of women within these organisations but do also contribute to scientific excellence. © 2019 17th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2019 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.