PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://gendermore.unimore.it/handle/123456789/1575

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 11

A “scientific diversity” intervention to reduce gender bias in a sample of life scientists Open PDF
(American Society for Cell Biology, 2016)
Moss-Racusin, C.A.
;
van der Toorn, J.
;
Dovidio, J.F.
;
Brescoll, V.L.
;
Graham, M.J.
Mounting experimental evidence suggests that subtle gender biases favoring men contribute to the underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), including many subfields of the life sciences. However, there are relatively few evaluations of diversity interventions designed to reduce gender biases within the STEM community. Because gender biases distort the meritocratic evaluation and advancement of students, interventions targeting instructors’ biases are particularly needed. We evaluated one such intervention, a workshop called “Scientific Diversity” that was consistent with an established framework guiding the development of diversity interventions designed to reduce biases and was administered to a sample of life science instructors (N=126) at several sessions of the National Academies Summer Institute for Undergraduate Education held nationwide. Evidence emerged indicating the efficacy of the “Scientific Diversity” work-shop, such that participants were more aware of gender bias, expressed less gender bias, and were more willing to engage in actions to reduce gender bias 2 weeks after participating in the intervention compared with 2 weeks before the intervention. Implications for diversity interventions aimed at reducing gender bias and broadening the participation of women in the life sciences are discussed. © 2016 C. A. Moss-Racusin et al. CBE—Life Sciences Education.
Bibliometric analysis of authorship gender in the field vertebrate paleontology: Case study of Argentine journal Ameghiniana (1957-2011) Open PDF
(2013)
Miguel, S.
;
Hidalgo, M.
;
Stubbs, E.
;
Posadas, P.
;
Ortiz Jaureguizar, E.
The objective of this work is to assess gender distribution differences in authorship of papers in the field of vertebrate paleontology published in the Argentine journal Ameghiniana from 1957 to 2011. The bibliometric method was used to analyze gender distribution and evolution of the signing authors, their productivity, geographical origin, authorship composition (i.e., author and co-author), order of authors, taxon and citation levels. Results show predominance of men in number of signatures, mean annual productivity rates and average citation levels. No significant differences were found between gender for the taxa studied or in the order of the signatures. Significant differences were observed in the geographical origin of the authors. In view of the authorship gender distribution of papers published in Ameghiniana, we conclude that men continue to lead in the discipline of vertebrate palaeontology. The increase of women authors, the levelling of productivity over the last decade and the increase co-authorships including women, however, are clear signs of a shifting trend.
Underrepresentation of women in the senior levels of Brazilian science Open PDF
(PeerJ Inc., 2017)
Valentova, Jaroslava V.
;
Otta, Emma
;
Silva, Maria Luisa
;
McElligott, Alan G.
Despite significant progress, there is still a gender gap in science all over the world, especially at senior levels. Some progressive countries are recognizing the need to address barriers to gender equality in order to retain their best scientists and innovators, and ensure research excellence and social and economic returns on the investment made by taxpayers each year on training women scientists. We investigated the gender distribution of: (i) the productivity scholarship (PS) holders of the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, N = 13,625), (ii) the members of the Brazilian Academy of Science (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, ABC, N = 899), and (iii) the amount of funding awarded for top quality research (“Universal” Call of CNPq, N = 3,836), between the years of 2013 and 2014. Our findings show evidence for gender imbalances in all the studied indicators of Brazilian science. We found that female scientists were more often represented among PS holders at the lower levels of the research ranking system (2). By contrast, male scientists were more often found at higher levels (1A and 1B) of PS holders, indicating the top scientific achievement, both in “Engineering, Exact Sciences, Earth Sciences”, and “Life Sciences”. This imbalance was not found in Humanities and Social Sciences. Only 14% of the ABC members were women. Humanities and Applied Social Sciences had a relatively low representation of women in the Academy (3.7%) compared to Engineering, Exact and Earth Sciences: 54.9% and Life Sciences: 41.4%. Finally, female scientists obtained significantly more funding at the lower level of the research ranking system (2), whereas male scientists obtained significantly more funding at the higher levels (1A and 1B). Our results show strong evidence of a gender imbalance in Brazilian science. We hope that our findings will be used to stimulate reforms that will result in greater equality in Brazilian science, and elsewhere.
Disciplinary communities of practice for a greater gender equality in physics & life sciences
(2022)
Reiland, S.
;
Palmén, R.
;
Kamlade, L.
This chapter reflects on how disciplinary specific Communities of Practice (CoPs) can be a useful vehicle to share knowledge, experience and practices to further gender equality in R&I organisations. This paper shares the experiences of two CoPs set up with specific disciplinary focuses, one on physics and the other on life sciences. There is a dearth of academic literature that looks at how disciplinary based CoPs can foster institutional change for gender equality in research and innovation institutions. This chapter is based on the observations of the two CoP facilitators (authors of this paper) as well as 10 semi-structured interviews carried out with CoP members. It reflects on some of the similarities and differences of the two disciplinary based CoPs – by charting their approaches to sharing knowledge, experience, and practices for gender equality and aims to strengthen the evidence-base on taking a disciplinary inter-organisational CoP approach to promoting institutional change for gender equality in R&I organisations.
Effects of seniority, gender and geography on the bibliometric output and collaboration networks of European Research Council (ERC) grant recipients Open PDF
(2019)
Pina, D.G.
;
Barać, L.
;
Buljan, I.
;
Grimaldo, F.
;
Marušić, A.
Assessing the success and performance of researchers is a difficult task, as their grant output is influenced by a series of factors, including seniority, gender and geographical location of their host institution. In order to assess the effects of these factors, we analysed the publication and citation outputs, using Scopus and Web of Science, and the collaboration networks of European Research Council (ERC) starting (junior) and advanced (senior) grantees. For this study, we used a cohort of 355 grantees from the Life Sciences domain of years 2007–09. While senior grantees had overall greater publication output, junior grantees had a significantly greater pre-post grant award increase in their overall number of publications and in those on which they had last authorship. The collaboration networks size and the number of sub-communities increased for all grantees, although more pronounced for juniors, as they departed from smaller and more compact pre-award co-authorship networks. Both junior and senior grantees increased the size of the community within which they were collaborating in the post-award period. Pre-post grant award performance of grantees was not related to gender, although male junior grantees had more publications than female grantees before and after the grant award. Junior grantees located in lower research-performing countries published less and had less diverse collaboration networks than their peers located in higher research-performing countries. Our study suggests that research environment has greater influence on post-grant award publications than gender especially for junior grantees. Also, collaboration networks may be a useful complement to publication and citation outputs for assessing post-grant research performance, especially for grantees who already have a high publication output and who get highly competitive grants such as those from ERC. © 2019 Pina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Scientometric profile of Indian scientific output in life sciences with a focus on the contributions of women scientists Open PDF
(2014)
Garg, K.C.
;
Kumar, S.
Abstracts: An analysis of 9,957 papers published by Indian scientists and indexed by WoS in 12 sub-disciplines of life sciences during 2008-2009 indicates that academic institutions produced the highest number of papers. Of these, 340 (3.4 %) were contributed by female scientists exclusively and 4,671 (47 %) were written jointly by male and female scientists. Women scientists produced about 0.36 papers per author, while their male counter parts produced 0.50 papers per author. Significant number of women scientists was first author and about 23 % were corresponding authors in papers written jointly by both sexes. Women scientists emphasized on the sub-discipline of cell biology and reproductive biology and male scientists emphasized on the sub-discipline of zoology. Women scientists work in small teams and have very less international collaborative papers. Women scientists publish in low impact factor and domestic journals and also are cited less as compared to their male counter parts. © 2013 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
Gender differences in patenting in the academic life sciences Open PDF
(2006)
Ding, W.W.
;
Murray, F.
;
Stuart, T.E.
We analyzed longitudinal data on academic careers and conducted interviews with faculty members to determine the scope and causes of the gender gap in patenting among life scientists. Our regressions on a random sample of 4227 life scientists over a 30-year period show that women faculty members patent at about 40% of the rate of men. We found that the gender gap has improved over time but remains large.
Trends in authorship by women at Canadian universities 2006 to 2019 Open PDF
(Canadian Association for Information Science - Association canadienne des sciences de l'information, 2021)
Demaine, Jeffrey
Despite much progress since the mid-20th century, there still exists a disparity in the number of female academics relative to their male colleagues. This gender gap has come under increased focus as universities take steps to foster diversity and inclusiveness. Bibliometrics can provide a window into the gender disparity in research by measuring the metadata of academic publications. By determining the ratio of female to male authors, the gender bias at the level of the institution can be quantified. This study examines the proportion of female authors of academic articles at thirty Canadian universities across five broad fields of research.
Could early tweet counts predict later citation counts? A gender study in Life Sciences and Biomedicine (2014–2016) Open PDF
(2020)
Dehdarirad, T.
In this study, it was investigated whether early tweets counts could differentially benefit female and male (first, last) authors in terms of the later citation counts received. The data for this study comprised 47,961 articles in the research area of Life Sciences & Biomedicine from 2014–2016, retrieved from Web of Science’s Medline. For each article, the number of received citations per year was downloaded from WOS, while the number of received tweets per year was obtained from PlumX. Using the hurdle regression model, I compared the number of received citations by female and male (first, last) authored papers and then I investigated whether early tweet counts could predict the later citation counts received by female and male (first, last) authored papers. In the regression models, I controlled for several important factors that were investigated in previous research in relation to citation counts, gender or Altmetrics. These included journal impact (SNIP), number of authors, open access, research funding, topic of an article, international collaboration, lay summary, F1000 Score and mega journal. The findings showed that the percentage of papers with male authors in first or last authorship positions was higher than that for female authors. However, female first and last-authored papers had a small but significant citation advantage of 4.7% and 5.5% compared to male-authored papers. The findings also showed that irrespective of whether the factors were included in regression models or not, early tweet counts had a weak positive and significant association with the later citations counts (3.3%) and the probability of a paper being cited (21.1%). Regarding gender, the findings showed that when all variables were controlled, female (first, last) authored papers had a small citation advantage of 3.7% and 4.2% in comparison to the male authored papers for the same number of tweets. © 2020 Tahereh Dehdarirad. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Use of a Coordinated Social Media Strategy to Improve Dissemination of Research and Collect Solutions Related to Workforce Gender Equity. Open PDF
(2019)
Cawcutt, Kelly A.
;
Erdahl, Lillian M.
;
Englander, Meridith J.
;
Radford, Diane M.
;
Oxentenko, Amy S.
Background: To increase awareness, search for solutions, and drive change, disparity-related research needs to be strategically disseminated. This study aimed to quantify whether a social media strategy could: (1) amplify dissemination of gender equity-related articles and (2) collect proposed solutions to gender equity issues. Methods: In April 2018, eight published journal articles covering separate gender equity issues were presented in a 1-hour Twitter chat hosted by Physician's Weekly. Metrics data were collected before, during, and after the chat. During the chat, one question related to each article was tweeted at a time. Qualitative data were extracted from responses and evaluated for thematic content. Results: In the 16-hour period during and following the chat, we tallied 1500 tweets from 294 participants and 8.6 million impressions (potential views). The Altmetric Attention Score of each article increased (average, 126.5 points; range, 91-208 points). Within the respective journal, the Altmetric Rank of seven articles improved (range, 3 to ≥19), while the eighth maintained its #1 rank. The one article for which share and download data were available experienced a 729% increase in shares following prechat posts and another 113% bump after the chat, a 1667% increase overall (n = 45-795). Similarly, downloads, and presumably reads, increased 712% following prechat posts and another 47% bump after the chat, a 1093% increase overall (n = 394-4700). We tallied 181 potential solutions to the eight gender equity-related questions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that social media can be used strategically to increase the dissemination of research articles and collect solution-focused feedback.

PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results