PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

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Identifying gender disparities in research performance: the importance of comparing apples with apples Open PDF
(2022)
Nygaard, L.P.
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Aksnes, D.W.
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Piro, F.N.
Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the “what” (which publication practices are measured) and the “who” (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields—of comparing apples with apples—when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity. © 2022, The Author(s).
Open access publishing probabilities based on gender and authorship structures in vietnam Open PDF
(2021)
Nguyen, H.T.T.
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Nguyen, M.-H.
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Le, T.-T.
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Ho, M.-T.
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Vuong, Q.-H.
Open access (OA) publishing is beneficial for researchers to improve recognition, representation, and visibility in academia. However, few studies have been conducted for studying the association between gender and OA publishing likelihood. Therefore, the current study explores the impacts of gender-based authorship structures on OA publishing in Vietnamese social sciences and humanities. Bayesian analysis was performed on a dataset of 3122 publications in social sciences and humanities. We found that publications with mixed-gender authorship were most likely to be published under Gold Access terms (26.31–31.65%). In contrast, the likelihood of publications with the solely male or female author(s) was lower. It is also notable that if female researcher(s) held the first-author position in an article of mixed-gender authorship, the publication would be less likely to be published under Gold Access terms (26.31% compared to 31.65% of male-first-author structure). In addition, publications written by a solo female author (14.19%) or a group of female authors (10.72%) had lower OA publishing probabilities than those written by a solely male author(s) (17.14%). These findings hint at the possible advantage of gender diversity and the disadvantage of gender homophily (especially female-only authorship) on OA publishing likelihood. Moreover, they show there might be some negative impacts of gender inequality on OA publishing. As a result, the notion of gender diversity, financial and policy supports are recommended to promote the open science movement. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Presence of women in Education research in Colombia: an analysis of journals included in the Emerging Sources Citation Index Open PDF
(2021)
Muñoz-Ñúngo, B.
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Maz-Machado, A.
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Rodríguez-Fanec, C.
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Cuida, A.
Objective. The dissemination of the research carried out in the field of Education has been repeatedly analyzed in the academic world. Several aspects have been studied, such as the relevance of journals in certain scientific areas, as well as the scientific production or collaboration per country. Clarivate Analytis has recently incorporated new tools that aim to cover scientific fields or regions that are underrepresented in the WoS. Thus, the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) was created. The purpose of this study is to analyze the scientific production in the field of education in the ESCI in Colombia between 2005 and 2019 to identify the participation of women in this production. Method. This is an exploratory and descriptive study in which several bibliometric techniques are used to obtain the information. Both Excel and SPSSS software were used to perform the statistical procedures. The gender of all the authors of the document was determined. Results. Our search in the ESCI yielded a total of 3824 documents. The results indicate that in 2005 women only signed 36.67% of the documents, while in 2019 they signed up to 48.52% of them. 61,30% of the times the only author of the documents is a woman. The maximum number of authors is 8. The latter percentage is similar to that of single-autorship male signature, 63,46%. Conclusions. The data obtained allows us to conclude that the gender gap in publications in the field of education in Colombia is closing and that men and women currently sign almost the same number of documents per year. © 2021 University of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved.
Who Authors Social Science? Demographics and the Production of Knowledge Open PDF
(2024)
Lockhart, J.W.
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King, M.M.
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Munsch, C.
Author demographics are of key epistemic importance in science—shaping the approaches to and contents of research—especially in social scientific knowledge production, yet we know very little about who produces social scientific publications. We fielded an original demographic survey of nearly 20,000 sociology, economics, and communication authors in the Web of Science from 2016–2020. Our results include not only details about gender and race/ethnicity but also the first descriptive statistics on social science authors’ sexuality, disability, parental education, and employment characteristics. We find authorship in the social sciences looks very different from other measures of disciplinary membership like who holds PhDs or faculty positions. For example, half of the authors in each discipline’s journals say that they are not a member of the discipline in which they published. Moreover, social science authors are considerably less diverse than other measures of disciplinary membership. In sociology, women constitute a majority of PhDs, faculty, and American Sociological Association members; by contrast, men make up a majority of sociology’s authors. Additionally, we include a wide array of descriptive statistics across a range of demographic characteristics, which will be of interest to inequality scholars, science scholars, and social scientists engaged in diversifying their disciplines. © The Southern Sociological Society 2024.
Gender gaps in Australian research publishing, citation and co-authorship Open PDF
(2023)
Jamali, Hamid R.
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Abbasi, Alireza
Despite improvement in gender inequality in Australian science, the problem has not been fully addressed yet. To better understand the nature of gender inequality in Australian science, all gendered Australian first authored articles published between 2010 and 2020 and indexed in the Dimensions database were analysed. Field of Research (FoR) was used as the subject classification of articles and Field Citation Ratio (FCR) was used for citation comparison. Overall, the ratio of female to male first authored articles increased over the years, and this was true for all FoRs except for information and computing sciences. The ratio of single-authored articles by females was also improved over the study period. Females appeared to have a citation advantage, using Field Citation Ratio, over males in a few FoRs including mathematical sciences, chemical sciences, technology, built environment and design, studies in human society, law and legal studies, and studies in creative arts and writing. The average FCR for female first authored articles was greater than the average FCR for male first authored articles, including in a few fields such mathematical sciences where male authors outperformed females in terms of the number of articles.
Spanish scientific production in literature through a gender perspective in the web of science (1975-2017) Open PDF
(2019)
Haba-Osca, J.
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Osca-Lluch, J.
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González-Sala, F.
A comparative study disaggregated by sex about the scientific production in the literature of researchers working in Spanish institutions, has identified 806 authors who have published some literature work in journals indexed in the WoS until 2017, and analyzed comparatively their productivity and collaboration patterns considering the sex variable. It was found that 55.51% of the authors identified were men, compared to 44.49% of women. The results show that men predominate among the major producers in the field of literature. While among moderate producers (2 to 5) works, 50.36% of the authors identified were men, compared to 49.64% of women. Although works realized individually predominate, as it happens in other scientific disciplines, it is observed that there is an increase of works written in collaboration. I was also observed that collaborative works done between 3 or 4 authors are made up by groups formed by men and women. As conclusion it could be indicated that in the Spanish literature gender equality does not yet exist, especially when considering the elite of the research. It is fundamental to deepen and continue carrying out studies that evaluate the evolution and trends in a disaggregated way by sex, to undertake the corrective measures necessary to achieve gender equality. © 2019, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. All rights reserved.
Research patterns in communication (2009–2019): testing female representation and productivity differences, within the most cited authors and the field Open PDF
(2023)
Goyanes, M.
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Demeter, M.
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Grané, A.
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Tóth, T.
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de Zúñiga, H.G.
This study compares the share of male/female as first authors, the growth of authors per paper, and the differences in publication productivity in the last decade of the most cited authors versus the field of communication (i.e., a representative sample of papers published in the field of communication). Results indicate that there are significantly more female first authors in the field than a decade ago, but their proportion among the most cited authors has not grown at a similar pace. Likewise, the number of authors per paper has significantly increased in the field, but not among the most cited authors, who, in turn, publish significantly more papers than the field, both in 2009 and 2019. And not only that, the productivity gap between the most cited authors and the field has substantially increased between the span of this decade. Theoretical implications of these findings and suggestions for future studies are also discussed. © 2022, The Author(s).
The performance of Chinese female scholars: A gendered study on the publication rate in journalism and communication field from 2011 to 2020 Open PDF
(2023)
Zhao, Y.
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Liu, D.
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Zhou, Y.
Comparatively little attention has been given to a contemporary examination on the gender disparities in publishing within the Communication field. The major goal of the research was to examine female scholars’ publishing performance and determine whether gender disparity exists in the publication rate of each gender. This study utilized bibliometric methods to conduct a gendered analysis of the publication rates among female and male lead authors in the top five Chinese Journalism and Communication journals from 2011 to 2020. The results confirmed the presence of consistent gender differences in the percentage of articles published by female and male authors. Data analysis also revealed an ongoing tendency towards decline due to female’s increasing educational background, improved academic collaboration and intensified government interventions. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the current status of female scholars and may be used to promote discussion and actions related to gender and equity. © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
Does a gender-neutral name associate with the research impact of a scientist? Open PDF
(2022)
Zhang, N.
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He, G.
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Shi, D.
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Zhao, Z.
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Li, J.
Women have long suffered in both academia and industry from lower status, underrepresentation, unequal treatment, and other challenges based on gender. This paper explores whether a gender-neutral name is associated with the research impact of a scientist by examining three years of citations. The data for this study are derived from publications indexed in ISI's Web of Science (WoS) database from 2009 to 2015. By assigning a name neutralization index score to each author, we investigate the relationship between the neutralization index and citations and find the following results: (1) generally, the more neutral the name, the more citations the publications received; (2) the neutral effect was more pronounced for authors with feminine names than for authors with masculine names. © 2022
Gender and collaboration patterns in distance education research Open PDF
(2010)
Zawacki-Richter, O.
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von Prümmer, C.
This paper explores the associations between gender, collaboration and research methods in distance education research. Following a bibliometric approach, collaboration is operationalised through co-author relationships. The study is based on a review of 695 papers published in five prominent distance education journals between 2000 and 2008. It reveals a significant trend towards collaborative research in distance education. There are no significant gender differences regarding the number of co-authors of collaborative papers. However, female researchers significantly choose different research topics than their male colleagues. Women are over-represented in research areas such as learner characteristics, learner support or interaction, and communication in learning communities, while men are more concerned with topics stereotypically associated with them: technology and management. There is a significant propensity for female researchers to apply qualitative methods or to triangulate qualitative and quantitative methods. Research methods also affect collaboration. On average, research teams on quantitative projects are significantly bigger than those who produce articles that are qualitative in nature. © 2010 The Open University.

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