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Quantitative datasets reveal marked gender disparities in Earth Sciences faculty rank in Africa Open PDF
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023)
Mosuro, G.O.
;
Omosanya, K.O.
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Lawal, M.A.
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Oussou, A.
;
Oshomoji, A.O.
As in most disciplines of science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM), gender disparity is prevalent in the ranking of Earth Sciences faculties at senior and advanced levels. (i.e., Associate and Full Professors). In this study, a robust database was mined, created, and analyzed to assess the faculty compositions of 142 Earth Science departments in 39 countries across Africa. The data were collected from verifiable online resources focusing on ranks and gender ratios within each department. The studied earth science departments cut across universities in northern, southern, central, eastern, and western Africa. Our data revealed that female faculty members are predominantly underrepresented in most of the departments documented and are markedly uncommon in senior positions such as Professors, associate Professors, and senior researchers compared to their male counterparts. On the contrary, female faculty members are predominant in the lower cadres, such as lecturers, teaching, and graduate assistants. The observed male to female ratio is 4:1. At the base of this gender gap is the lower enrolment of female students in Earth Science courses from undergraudate to graduate studies. To achieve gender equality in Earth Science faculty composition in Africa, we recommend increasing female students' enrollment, mentoring, awareness, timely promotion of accomplished female researchers, and formulation of enabling government policies. More work-related policies that guarantee work-life balance for female earth science academic professionals should be formulated to attract and retain more women into Earth Sciences careers. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
High-Citation Papers in Space Physics: Examination of Gender, Country, and Paper Characteristics Open PDF
(2018)
Moldwin, M.B.
;
Liemohn, M.W.
The number of citations to a refereed journal article from other refereed journal articles is a measure of its impact. Papers, individuals, journals, departments, and institutions are increasingly judged by the impact they have in their disciplines, and citation counts are now a relatively easy (though not necessarily accurate or straightforward) way of attempting to quantify impact. This study examines papers published in the Journal of Geophysical Research—Space Physics in the year 2012 (n = 705) and analyzes the characteristics of high-citation papers compared to low-citation papers. We find that high-citation papers generally have a large number of authors (>5) and cite significantly more articles in the reference section than low-citation papers. We also examined the gender and country of institution of the first author and found that there is not a statistically significant gender bias, but there are some significant differences in citation statistics between articles based on the country of first-author institution. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
The contribution of women in Brazilian science: A case study in astronomy, immunology and oceanography Open PDF
(2003)
Leta, J.
;
Lewison, G.
The performance of Brazilian male and female scientists in three scientific fields was assessed through their publications in the Science Citation Index from 1997-2001. Information on their sex and their ages, positions, and fellowship status was obtained from a census on all Brazilian scientists. The results showed that women participated most in immunology, moderately in oceanography and least in astronomy. Men and women published similar numbers of papers, and they were also of similar potential impact; they were also equally likely to collaborate internationally. Nevertheless, women were less likely than men to receive fellowships to supplement their salaries, suggesting that some sexual discrimination may still be occurring in the Brazilian peer-review process.
Journals invite too few women to referee Open PDF
(Nature Publishing Group, 2017)
Lerback, Jory
;
Hanson, Brooks
Jory Lerback and Brooks Hanson present an analysis that reveals evidence of gender bias in peer review for scholarly publications.
Breaking down barriers: The identification of actions to promote gender equality in interdisciplinary marine research institutions Open PDF
(2022)
Shellock, R.J.
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Cvitanovic, C.
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Mackay, M.
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McKinnon, M.C.
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Blythe, J.
Interdisciplinary research is paramount to addressing ocean sustainability challenges in the 21st century. However, women leaders have been underrepresented in interdisciplinary marine research, and there is little guidance on how to achieve the conditions that will lead to an increased proportion of women scientists in positions of leadership. Here, we conduct in-depth qualitative research to explore the main barriers and enablers to women's leadership in an academic interdisciplinary marine research context. We found that interdisciplinarity can present unique and additional barriers to women leaders (e.g., complexity and lack of value attributed to interdisciplinary research) and are exacerbated by existing gender-specific issues that women experience (e.g., isolation and underrepresentation and stereotyping). Together these barriers overlap forming the “glass obstacle course”—which is particularly challenging for women in minoritized groups. Here, we provide a list of concrete, ambitious, and actionable enablers that can promote and support women's leadership in academic interdisciplinary marine research. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
Gender and Geographic Origin as Determinants of Manuscript Publication Outcomes: JBMR® Bibliometric Analysis from 2017 to 2019 Open PDF
(2022)
Rivadeneira, F.
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Loder, R.T.
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McGuire, A.C.
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Chitwood, J.R.
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Duffy, K.
The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR®), the flagship journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR), enjoys a premiere position in its field and has a global reach. The journal uses a single-blind peer-review process whereby three editors are typically involved in assessing each submission for publication, in addition to external reviewers. Although emphasizing fairness, rigor, and transparency, this process is not immune to the influence of unconscious biases. The gender and geographic diversity of JBMR® authors, editors, and reviewers has increased over the last three decades, but whether such diversity has affected peer-review outcomes is unknown. We analyzed manuscript acceptance rates based on the gender and geographic origin of authors, reviewers, and Associate Editors. The analysis included 1662 original research articles submitted to JBMR® from September 2017 through December 2019. Gender was assigned using probabilities from an online tool and manually validated through internet searches. Predictor variables of manuscript outcome were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The acceptance rate was highest when the first and last authors were of different genders, and lowest when both authors were men. Reviewer gender did not influence the outcome regardless of the genders of the first and last authors. Associate Editors from all geographical regions tended to select reviewers from their same region. The acceptance rate was highest when the Associate Editor was from Europe. Manuscripts with authors from North America and Australia/New Zealand had greater overall odds of acceptance than those from Europe and Asia. Manuscripts reviewed only by Editorial Board (EB) members had a lower acceptance rate than those refereed by non-EB reviewers or a mix of EB and non-EB reviewers. Overall, the geographical origin of authors, reviewers, and editors, as well as reviewers' EB membership may influence manuscript decisions. Yet, the JBMR® peer-review process remains largely free from gender bias. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A Global Survey on the Perceptions and Impacts of Gender Inequality in the Earth and Space Sciences Open PDF
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2019)
Popp, A.L.
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Lutz, S.R.
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Khatami, S.
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van Emmerik, T.H.M.
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Knoben, W.J.M.
The leaky pipeline phenomenon refers to the disproportionate decline of female scientists at higher academic career levels and is a major problem in the natural sciences. Identifying the underlying causes is challenging, and thus, solving the problem remains difficult. To better understand the reasons for the leaky pipeline, we assess the perceptions and impacts of gender bias and imbalance—two major drivers of the leakage—at different academic career levels with an anonymous survey in geoscience academia (n=1,220). The survey results show that both genders view male geoscientists as substantially more gender biased than female scientists. Moreover, female geoscientists are more than twice as likely to experience negative gender bias at their workplaces and scientific organizations compared to male geoscientists. There are also pronounced gender differences regarding (i) the relevance of role models, (ii) family-friendly working conditions, and (iii) the approval of gender quotas for academic positions. Given the male dominance in senior career levels, our results emphasize that those feeling less impacted by the negative consequences of gender bias and imbalance are the ones in position to tackle the problem. We thus call for actions to better address gender biases and to ensure a balanced gender representation at decision-making levels to ultimately retain more women in geoscience academia. © 2019 The Authors.
First Authorship Gender Gap in the Geosciences Open PDF
(2020)
Pico, T.
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Bierman, P.
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Doyle, K.
;
Richardson, S.
Although gender parity has been reached at the graduate level in the geosciences, women remain a minority in faculty positions. First authorship of peer-reviewed scholarship is a measure of academic success and is often used to project potential in the hiring process. Given the importance of first author publications for hiring and advancement, we sought to quantify whether women are underrepresented as first authors relative to their representation in the field of geoscience. We compiled first author names across 13 leading geoscience journals from January 2013 to April 2019 (n = 35,183). Using a database of 216,286 names from 79 countries, across 89 languages, we classified the likely gender associated with each author's given (first) name. We also estimated the gender distribution of authors who publish using only initials, which may itself be a strategy employed by some women to preempt perceived (and actual) gender bias in the publication process. Female names represent 13–30% of all first authors in our database and are substantially underrepresented relative to the proportion of women in early career positions (30–50%). The proportion of female-name first authors varies substantially by subfield, reflecting variation in representation of women across geoscience subdisciplines. In geoscience, the quantification of this first authorship gender gap supports the hypothesis that the publication process—namely, achievement or allocation of first authorship—is biased by social factors, which may modulate career success of women in the sciences.
Situating gender geographies: a bibliometric analysis Open PDF
(1998)
Garcia-Ramon, M.D.
;
Caballe, A.
Gender geography is now widely present on the agenda of international geography. In this paper we analyse its evolution through a bibliometric analysis of the articles and book reviews on gender published in 71 journals from 23 different countries, paying attention to the sex of the authors. We also make a thematic classification of the articles, taking into account the different languages and regions in which the journals are published. It is clear that gender geography from English speaking countries has played a very important role in the initial development of gender geography in other regional contexts, but, in spite of common origins and continuing strong influences, somehow different reginal models of gender geography are emerging. We advocate the value of making greater efforts to integrate the work being done outside English speaking academia into the general surveys of gender geography.
Publications by women in the Boletim Paulista de Geografia (1949-2018): analysis of participation and keywords
(2023)
Andrade, F.M.
;
de Queiroz, A.P.
The scientific, intellectual, and academic environment, in recent decades, has been characterized by a high presence of male researchers and reduced female participation. Although there was variation between the areas of knowledge, the male predominance was considered unquestionable. In this context, the article aims to evaluate the female publication of the Boletim Paulista de Geografia (BPG) and its keywords, between 1949 and 2018. The bibliometric software Publish or Perish (PoP), VOSViewer and Bibliometrix were used to analyze the respective metrics and indexes. The results obtained showed that, of the 485 articles in the journal, 34% had female participation. The predominance of male-authored articles prevailed until the 1980s. The increase in joint publication of both genders occurred from 2000 and gender parity was observed from 2007. And, considering that the keywords related to teaching stood out, the interpretation is that the BPG reinforces an international trend of gender equality in publications, but with inequalities between the areas of knowledge. © 2023 Universidade Federal do Parana. All rights reserved.

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