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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Radiology

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  • Item type:Publication,
    The Leadership Ceiling in Global Radiology: A 2024–2026 High-Throughput Algorithmic Audit of Gender Representation in Senior Authorship Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-07)
    Wang, Tanche (Jimmy)
    Rationale and objectives: To establish a 2026 global benchmark for senior authorship gender representation in high-impact imaging journals and identify structural barriers to digital metadata visibility. Materials and methods: An algorithmic audit analyzed 6454 publications from seven leading radiology journals compiled between January 2024 and February 2026. Senior author gender was inferred utilizing the validated gender-guesser name-inference engine. Pearson's Chi-squared test compared gender distributions across journals. A dynamic, web-based dashboard was developed using a Python-Streamlit framework to facilitate continuous, live data exploration. Results: The global female senior authorship rate across successfully classified data was established at 17.70% (1144/3717). Significant variation was found by journal (x2=34.19, p < 0.0001). The Journal of the American College of Radiology (JACR) demonstrated the highest representation (37.17%), while technical subspecialty journals showed lower parity. A profound "Metadata Gap" was identified, with 42.42% (2737/6454) of the total cohort lacking identifiable gender markers or sufficient name strings in professional publishing summaries to allow for algorithmic inference. Conclusion: A profound gender gap persists in global senior research leadership within imaging specialties. Enhancing publishing metadata hygiene is an essential step for accurate institutional equity tracking. Informatics-driven auditing via live dashboards provides a scalable roadmap for modern departmental and institutional accountability.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2024-03)
    Cayón Somacarrera, S.
    ;
    Alonso Rodríguez, C.
    ;
    del Campo del Val, L.
    ;
    Oleaga Zufiría, L.
    ;
    Rodríguez Carnero, P.
    Abstract Introduction There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. Materials and methods We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. Results The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM’s history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. Conclusions Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality. Resumen Introducción Existen desigualdades por razón de género en todos los ámbitos, incluyendo en la radiología. Aunque la situación está mejorando, la presencia de radiólogas en puestos de liderazgo continúa siendo minoritaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la situación de la mujer en la radiología española, comparándola con Europa y EE.UU. Materiales y métodos Seleccionamos como franja de referencia los años 2000–2022 para hacer una comparación con datos de feminización a lo largo de la historia. Además también se incluyeron datos puntuales relevantes del recién comenzado 2023. Las variables en las que investigamos la feminización fueron las siguientes: estudiantes de medicina, médicos graduados, residentes y especialistas en radiodiagnóstico, jefes de sección, jefes de servicio, tutores de residentes de radiodiagnóstico, radiólogos profesores universitarios, presidentes de las principales entidades y sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU, receptores de los principales galardones de dichas sociedades radiológicas y editores jefe de sus revistas. Para ello realizamos una amplia búsqueda bibliográfica, contactamos con las sociedades radiológicas de España, Europa y EE.UU y realizamos una encuesta a los principales servicios de radiodiagnóstico de España. Resultados La presencia femenina en radiología va disminuyendo a medida que ascendemos a puestos de liderazgo, situación que se constata tanto en España como en Europa y EE.UU, comparativa que analizaremos en profundidad a lo largo del artículo. En los hospitales españoles en el año 2021 había un 58,1% de mujeres residentes de radiodiagnóstico, 55% de radiólogas, 42,9% de jefas de sección y 24,4% de jefas de servicio. En la historia de la SERAM ha habido un 10% de mujeres presidentas, un 22% de mujeres medallas de oro y un 5% de editoras jefe. Analizando los datos del año 2000 al 2023 el porcentaje de presidentas alcanza el 32% y las mujeres medallas de oro el 31%. Conclusiones Aunque la desigualdad de género está disminuyendo, en radiología las mujeres continúan estando infrarrepresentadas en puestos de liderazgo. Es preciso trabajar para crear una profesión diversa e inclusiva que refleje la realidad demográfica.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Understanding the significant underrepresentation of women in radiology Open PDF 
    (Elsevier BV, 2026-03)
    Peraka, Veena
    ;
    Raj, Karuna
    ;
    Champine, Julie
    ;
    Ozcan, Bersu
    ;
    Dogan, Basak
    The aim of this systematic review is to highlight the reasons for a significant underrepresentation of women in radiology. We systematically examined the gender disparity within radiology across career stages, including medical school, residency training, and faculty positions. A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted to identify the determinants influencing female medical students' and physicians' pursuit of radiology. Despite women making up approximately half of medical school graduates, their representation in radiology remains disproportionately low. Contributing factors include a scarcity of female mentors and insufficient exposure to radiology during medical training, leading to persistent misconceptions about the specialty. Additionally, female radiology faculty members encounter challenges, including gender bias and difficulty advancing in leadership positions, which contribute to professional dissatisfaction. Strategies like the formation of Women in Radiology groups and institutional initiatives have been established to increase mentorship for female trainees and progression of faculty in their careers. The underrepresentation of women is a concern that warrants attention due to the unique collaborative and empathetic dimensions that women contribute to patient care and education. Throughout their careers, women encounter numerous obstacles that affect their exposure to, involvement in, and satisfaction with the field. Addressing these barriers is crucial for enhancing the presence and influence of women in radiology.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female Authorship in Radiology: Trends in the Past Decade in CARJ Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Li, N.
    ;
    Alabousi, M.
    ;
    Patlas, M.N.
    Purpose: To identify trends in female authorship in the Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal (CARJ) from 2010 to 2019. Methods: We retrieved papers published in the CARJ over a 10-year period, and retrospectively reviewed 602 articles. All articles except editorials and advertisements were included. We categorized the names of the first and last position authors as female or male and excluded articles that had at least one author of which gender was not known. We compared the trends in the first and last position authors of the articles from 2010 to 2019. For statistical analysis, logistic regression was performed with reported odds ratios (ORs), and a P value of <.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results: Five hundred thirteen articles met inclusion criteria. Among them, 23 articles with a single author were classified as having only a first author. 39.8% (204/513) of first authors were female and 26.9% (132/490) of last authors were female. There has been an overall temporal increase in the odds of both the first and last author being female in CARJ publications (OR: 1.11, P =.034). Similarly, the odds a CARJ publication’s first author being female increased over time (OR: 1.07, P =.033). Female last author did not predict female first author (OR: 1.48, P =.056). There was no association identified between female last author and year of publication (OR: 1.04, P =.225). Conclusion: There has been an overall increase in engagement of female authorship in CARJ. © The Author(s) 2020.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in radiology: gender diversity is not a metric-it is a tool for excellence Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Kubik-Huch, Rahel A.
    ;
    Vilgrain, Valérie
    ;
    Krestin, Gabriel P.
    ;
    Reiser, Maximilian F.
    ;
    Attenberger, Ulrike I.
    Women in Focus: Be Inspired was a unique programme held at the 2019 European Congress of Radiology that was structured to address a range of topics related to gender and healthcare, including leadership, mentoring and the generational progression of women in medicine. In most countries, women constitute substantially fewer than half of radiologists in academia or private practice despite frequently accounting for at least half of medical school enrolees. Furthermore, the proportion of women decreases at higher academic ranks and levels of leadership, a phenomenon which has been referred to as a "leaky pipeline". Gender diversity in the radiologic workplace, including in academic and leadership positions, is important for the present and future success of the field. It is a tool for excellence that helps to optimize patient care and research; moreover, it is essential to overcome the current shortage of radiologists. This article reviews the current state of gender diversity in academic and leadership positions in radiology internationally and explores a wide range of potential reasons for gender disparities, including the lack of role models and mentorship, unconscious bias and generational changes in attitudes about the desirability of leadership positions. Strategies for both individuals and institutions to proactively increase the representation of women in academic and leadership positions are suggested. KEY POINTS: • Gender-diverse teams perform better. Thus, gender diversity throughout the radiologic workplace, including in leadership positions, is important for the current and future success of the field. • Though women now make up roughly half of medical students, they remain underrepresented among radiology trainees, faculty and leaders. • Factors leading to the gender gap in academia and leadership positions in Radiology include a lack of role models and mentors, unconscious biases, other societal barriers and generational changes.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Assessing sex and gender equity in submission guidelines of radiology journals: A cross-sectional study Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Khosa, F.
    ;
    Stewart, M.
    ;
    Liu, L.
    ;
    Ding, J.
    ;
    Rahmim, O.
    Purpose: Our study aimed to determine the current percentage of gender and sex equity promoting (GSEP) radiology journals, defined as satisfying at least one criterion of the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) checklist, published by the European Association of Science Editors (EASE). A secondary objective was to compare characteristics of GSEP and non-GSEP journals. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis between June 24 and July 3, 2023, was conducted. The author submission guidelines of radiology journals with a 2021 Journal Impact Factor (JIF) were assessed according to the SAGER checklist. GSEP journals were defined as satisfying one or more SAGER checklist criteria in their research instructions. Bibliometric data and journal information were collected from the Journal Citation Reports and National Library of Medicine catalogue. Results: Only 39.7 % (52) of 132 journals satisfied at least one SAGER checklist criterion. Median 2021 JIFs were higher in GSEP journals (4.62, IQR: 3.73 – 5.21) than non-GSEP journals (2.70, IQR: 2.32) (p = 0.00). Median 2021 Journal Citation Index (JCI) scores were higher in GSEP (0.64, 0.56 – 0.73) than non-GSEP journals (0.97, 0.83 – 1.10) (p = 0.00). Cited half-life was shorter for GSEP (5.40, 4.80 – 6.50) than non-GSEP journals (6.70, 5.70 – 7.40) (p = 0.05). Elsevier published 33 of 52 of GSEP journals. Conclusion: 60.3% of radiology journals with a 2021 JIF do not meet a single SAGER checklist criterion in their author submission guidelines. GSEP journals had higher impact and source metrics and a shorter cited half-life. Publishers may play a significant role in promoting endorsement of the SAGER checklist in the author submission guidelines of radiology journals. © 2024 The Author(s)
  • Item type:Publication,
    Pre- and post-COVID-19 gender trends in authorship for paediatric radiology articles worldwide: a systematic review Open PDF 
    (2024)
    Kamran, Rakhshan
    ;
    Jackman, Liam
    ;
    Chan, Cynthia
    ;
    Lee, Ann C.
    ;
    Kamran, Aleeza
    BACKGROUND: Gender inequalities in academic medicine persist despite progress over the past decade. Evidence-based targeted interventions are needed to reduce gender inequalities. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on gender trends in authorship of paediatric radiology research worldwide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospectively registered, PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus from January 1, 2018, to May 29, 2023, with no restrictions on country of origin. Screening and data extraction occurred independently and in duplicate. Gender of first, last, and corresponding authors were determined using an artificial intelligence-powered, validated, multinational database ( www.genderize.io ). Two time periods were categorised according to the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering: pre-COVID (prior to March 2020) and peak and post-COVID (March 2020 onwards). One-sample binomial testing was used to analyse proportion of authorship based on gender. Categorical variables were described as frequencies and percentages, and compared using testing chi-square or Fisher exact testing, with a threshold of P<0.05 representing statistical significance. RESULTS: In total, 922 articles were included with 39 countries represented. A statistically significant difference in authorship based on gender persisted during the peak and post-COVID time period (March 2020 onwards) where women represented a statistically significant lower proportion of last (35.5%) and corresponding (42.7%) authors (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively). Statistically significant differences for first authors were not found in either period (P=0.08 and P=0.48). CONCLUSION: This study identifies differences in gender trends for authorship in paediatric radiology research worldwide. Future efforts to increase authorship by women are needed.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female Authorship Trends Among Articles About Artificial Intelligence in North American Radiology Journals Open PDF 
    (2023)
    Yan, T.D.
    ;
    Yuan, P.H.
    ;
    Saha, T.
    ;
    Lebel, K.
    ;
    Spalluto, L.
    Purpose: To examine trends in female authorship of peer-reviewed North American radiology articles centred around artificial intelligence (AI). Method: A bibliographic search was conducted for all AI-related articles published in four North American radiology journals. Collected data included the genders of the first and last (senior) authors, year and country. We compared the trends of female authorship using Pearson chi-square, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Results: 453 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 107 (22.3%) had a female first author and 97 (27.3%) had a female senior author. Female first authors were over three times more likely to publish with a female senior author. Among the four journals, the CARJ had the highest proportion of female senior authors at 45.5%. The only significant temporal trend identified was an increase over the years in female senior authors in Radiology. Twenty-four countries contributed to the included articles, with the largest contributors being the United States (n = 290) and Canada (n = 30). Of the countries contributing more than 15 articles, there were none with above 50% female authorship. Conclusions: Female authors are underrepresented in AI-related radiology literature. However, there has been an encouraging recent increase in female authorship in AI-related radiology articles trending towards significance. There is a great opportunity to improve female representation in AI with intentional mentorship and recruitment. We urge more platforms for female voices in radiology as AI becomes increasingly integrated into the radiology community. © The Author(s) 2022.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Disparities in Academic Radiology Authorship: A 13-Year Review Open PDF 
    (Elsevier Inc., 2022)
    Xiao, N.
    ;
    Marquez-Karry, R.
    ;
    Oliveira, D.F.M.
    ;
    Berggruen, S.
    ;
    Horowitz, J.M.
    Rationale and Objectives: Underrepresentation of women in many scientific fields has been linked to biases against female-authored publications in peer-reviewed journals, thereby reducing their opportunities for career development and promotions. The objective of this study is to determine the representation of female academic radiologists in four flagship general radiology journals to elucidate gender-specific trends and disparities in academic radiology. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 23,741 peer-reviewed articles published in Radiology, American Journal of Roentgenology, Journal of the American College of Radiology and Academic Radiology from 2007 to 2020. Data abstraction and statistical analysis were performed for author gender, first and last authorship, research funding, and number of citations and grants. Baseline demographics data of academic radiologists was obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Results: A total of 72.4% of authors were male with 54% of articles were written by a male first author and male last author. When compared with assumed random pairing, there were significantly fewer Male/Female author combinations and more Female/Female author combinations than expected (p<0.01). Over the 13-year time period, the rate of increase in the number of female authors exceeded the rate of increase in women in academic radiology as reported by the AAMC. Female last authors received on average 3.2 less citations than their male counterparts (p=.03). Of manuscripts with last female authors, 31.7% of female last authors were funded compared to 25.9% of last male authors. Conclusion: This study showed the increasing numbers and higher productivity of female authors in academic radiology, suggesting progress is being made in overcoming gender disparities. © 2022 The Association of University Radiologists
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Disparity Among Leaders of Canadian Academic Radiology Departments Open PDF 
    (2020)
    Qamar, Sadia Raheez
    ;
    Khurshid, Kiran
    ;
    Jalal, Sabeena
    ;
    McInnes, Matthew D. F.
    ;
    Probyn, Linda
    OBJECTIVE. Underrepresentation of women in the top hierarchy of academic medicine exists despite women comprising more than half of the medical school graduates and residency positions. The purpose of this study is to analyze and quantify the relationship of gender, research productivity, and career advancement in Canadian academic radiology departments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Seventeen academic radiology departments with affiliated residency programs in Canada were searched for publicly available data on faculty to generate a database for gender and academic profiles of the radiologists. Bibliometric data were collected using Scopus archives. The associations of gender, academic ranks, and leadership positions were assessed, and a p value of ≤ 0.05 was defined as significant. Significant variables were analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS. Of 1266 faculty members, gender information and academic rank were available for 932 faculty members: 597 (64.05%) were men and 335 (35.95%) were women (χ2 = 21.82; p < 0.0001). Of a total of 563 assistant professors, 331 (58.79%) were men and 232 (41.21%) were women; of 258 associate professors, 177 (68.60%) were men and 81 (31.40%) were women; and of 111 professors, 89 (80.18%) were men and 22 (19.82%) were women. The gender gap widens at higher academic ranks, displaying a threefold drop in the ratio of women holding the rank of full professor (6.57%) compared with 14.91% male professors; 29.55% of women radiologists have first-in-command leadership positions compared with 70.45% of men. A comparable or higher h-index is noted for women Canadian radiologists after adjusting for number of citations, number of publications, and years of active research. CONCLUSION. Canadian academic radiology departments have fewer women radiologists in senior faculty and leadership positions. Our study results show that Canadian female radiologists at the professor level have more publications than their male counterparts.