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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.Discrimination

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender gap in returns to publications Open PDF 
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026-06-14)
    Spiewanowski, Piotr
    ;
    Stetsyuk, Ivan
    ;
    Talavera, Oleksandr
    Gender equity in science depends not only on who participates in research, but also on how their work is rewarded. We examine gender gaps in monetary returns to research productivity, pay, and credit attribution using a novel dataset linking salary and publication records for professors at U.S. public universities. While our main contribution shows that there is no robust evidence of a significant gender gap in monetary returns to publications, we uncover substantial heterogeneity across disciplines and authorship structures. Women in medical and health sciences experience a negative gap in returns of 10.7% relative to men for equivalent research output. The unconditional gender pay gap averages 15.4%, with variation across disciplines, ranging from 5.5% in agricultural sciences to 20.9% in social sciences. It declines to 4.9% after controls. Finally, women earn higher returns to solo-authored work but lower returns to larger co-author networks than men.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Predicting the future impact of Computer Science researchers: Is there a gender bias? Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Kuppler, M.
    The advent of large-scale bibliographic databases and powerful prediction algorithms led to calls for data-driven approaches for targeting scarce funds at researchers with high predicted future scientific impact. The potential side-effects and fairness implications of such approaches are unknown, however. Using a large-scale bibliographic data set of N = 111,156 Computer Science researchers active from 1993 to 2016, I build and evaluate a realistic scientific impact prediction model. Given the persistent under-representation of women in Computer Science, the model is audited for disparate impact based on gender. Random forests and Gradient Boosting Machines are used to predict researchers’ h-index in 2010 from their bibliographic profiles in 2005. Based on model predictions, it is determined whether the researcher will become a high-performer with an h-index in the top-25% of the discipline-specific h-index distribution. The models predict the future h-index with an accuracy of R2= 0.875 and correctly classify 91.0% of researchers as high-performers and low-performers. Overall accuracy does not vary strongly across researcher gender. Nevertheless, there is indication of disparate impact against women. The models under-estimate the true h-index of female researchers more strongly than the h-index of male researchers. Further, women are 8.6% less likely to be predicted to become high-performers than men. In practice, hiring, tenure, and funding decisions that are based on model predictions risk to perpetuate the under-representation of women in Computer Science. © 2022, The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    Making sense of glass ceiling: A bibliometric analysis of conceptual framework, intellectual structure and research publications Open PDF 
    (Cogent OA, 2023)
    Singh, S.
    ;
    Sharma, C.
    ;
    Bali, P.
    ;
    Sharma, S.
    ;
    Shah, M.A.
    In life and employment, women face discrimination. The glass ceiling prohibits women from obtaining top management and leadership positions in male-dominated sectors. This study has conducted bibliometric analyses to analyze and highlight the glass ceiling literature. Authors searched international conferences and journals for relevant papers. This study evaluates 1,199 publications from the Scopus database’s core collection between 1988 and 2021 to visualize the Glass ceiling. This research analyses co-occurrence, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling to discover the field’s most important subjects, authors, and works. The extent of the glass ceiling, current publication patterns, significant regions, key articles, and critical publications were also studied. This research reveals that the glass ceiling is evolving. This research delivers vital insights and conclusions on the glass ceiling’s future. Also, rich and developing nations have significant knowledge differences. © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Towards gender equity in emergency medicine: a position statement from the CAEP Women in Emergency Medicine committee Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Sheppard, Gillian
    ;
    Pham, Chau
    ;
    Nowacki, Anna
    ;
    Bischoff, Taylor
    ;
    Snider, Carolyn
    As of January 2019, over half of all doctors working in Canada under the age of 40 were women. Despite equal representation in the profession of medicine, women still experience harassment, discrimination, and pay inequity when compared to their male colleagues. Gender discrimination is present at all levels of medical training and negatively impacts women who want to become emergency physicians. The right to gender equity is part of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The World Health Organization states that "gender inequities are socially generated and, therefore, can be changed." CAEP recognizes that gender equity is important to its members and that it intersects with inequities experienced by other minority groups. This position statement from the committee for Women in Emergency Medicine (EM) is intended to support women and those who identify as women who have chosen EM as their career. Furthermore, it is meant to inform and support policy makers as they consider the unique challenges that women face in their pursuit of excellence in EM.
  • Item type:Publication,
    ‘Being good isn’t good enough’: gender discrimination in Italian academia Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Filandri, M.
    ;
    Pasqua, S.
    The article analyses the effect of gender in professors’ career advancement using data on the entire population of professors in the Italian university system, data on the National Scientific Qualification (NSQ) accreditation scheme, and data on scientific productivity (SciVal) for bibliometric scientific sectors. As NSQ accreditation is a prerequisite for career advancement in Italian universities, using this data makes it possible to rule out women’s reluctance to apply for promotions -candidate professors must apply for accreditation- as a mechanism for explaining the gender gap in academia. Our results show a relevant gender gap in career advancement that is not explained by gender differences in productivity (above the minimum level needed to obtain the accreditation). A structural gender bias also remains after controlling for available resources and for the percentage of female full professors in the academic scientific sector. The results contribute to the debate on the introduction of gender quotas. © 2019 Society for Research into Higher Education.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in the Israeli academia: a bibliometric analysis of different disciplines Open PDF 
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021)
    Cooper, Tzipi
    ;
    Aharony, Noa
    ;
    Bar-Ilan, Judit
    Purpose This study explores faculty members' outputs and citations by gender and academic rank in Israeli academia. The study focuses on the connection between research productivity and underrepresentation of women in academia. To this end, four fields were chosen, each representing a different discipline: Psychology (social sciences), Public Health (health sciences), Linguistics (humanities), and Chemistry (Exact sciences). Design/methodology/approach The name, the rank and the gender of the researchers were collected from the researchers' websites and those of their departments. The number of publications and citations were retrieved from Scopus. Findings Findings revealed that there is a significant difference between the median number of men and women in Chemistry concerning publications and citations and in Psychology concerning citations. Moreover, in all four disciplines, females' average number of publications was lower than that of males', and that in three out of the four disciplines (Psychology, Public Health and Chemistry), men published more in top journals (the top 5%) than females, while the reverse was true of Linguistics. Furthermore, in three disciplines (Public Health, Linguistics and Chemistry), there is an increase in the average citations per female researchers between 2015 and 2019. Further, in all disciplines, women collaborated more than men. Originality/value As only a few studies in Israel have explored faculty members' outputs and citations, this study contributes and enlarges the Israeli research concerning this topic.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender and Nationality Trends in Manuscripts Published in Prominent Gastroenterology Journals Between 1997 and 2017 Open PDF 
    (2022)
    Bhatia, Shweta
    ;
    Cotton, Cary C.
    ;
    Kim, Erin
    ;
    Angle, Hannah
    ;
    Watts, Ariel E.
    BACKGROUND: Gender disparities remain in the field of gastroenterology (GI) despite the decreasing gender gap in the medical field overall. We sought to examine primary and last female authorship as a marker of academic opportunity and advancement to assess the proportion of women publishing in GI over 20 years (1997-2017). METHODS: In this observational study, we assessed the gender and nationality of primary and last authors of original research manuscripts in three GI journals (Gastroenterology, Gut, and American Journal of Gastroenterology) across a 20-year period in 5-year intervals (in 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012). We used a validated gender-determining algorithm, genderize.io, to classify gender. Our primary outcome was the proportion of female primary and last authors, with secondary measures assessing trends in gender and nationality. RESULTS: Through the Genderize.io gender database, we were able to identify the gender for 3,673 (95.9%) of primary author names and 3,504 (95.4%) of last author names in the 3,615 manuscripts evaluated. Overall, there was a significant increase in female primary authors over time, from 18.1% in 1997 to 42.6% in 2017, a 6.0% increase per 5-year period (95% CI 4.8-7.2%). A similar trend was found for female last authors, however, at a slower rate, from 8.3% in 1997 to 24.7% in 2017, a 3.5% increase per 5 years (95% CI 2.5-4.4%). These trends were noted cumulatively, and in each journal individually. Manuscripts with a female last author were more likely to demonstrate a female primary author. CONCLUSION: Female authorship in high-impact gastroenterology journals has increased over time. Last authorship has lagged primary authorship in female representation and has increased more slowly over time. Interventions to reduce gender disparity in GI research should focus on the transition from first to last authorship.