PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

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  • Item type:Publication,
    The Study of Gender Equality in Information Sciences Research Institutions in Lithuania
    (Springer International Publishing, 2017)
    Limanauskiene, Virginija
    ;
    Rutkauskiene, Danguole
    ;
    Kersiene, Vitalija
    ;
    Bareisa, Eduardas
    ;
    Damasevicius, Robertas
    The aim of this paper is to define the problem and to present the gender equality gaps existing in Information Sciences and Technology (IST) research institutions in Lithuania and to deeply analyze the problem in case study. The paper presents some research results of the ongoing H2020-EU.5.b. project EQUAL-IST Gender Equality Plans for Information Sciences and Technology Research Institutions (2016–2019). We analyzed the works of different authors and selected the factors that limit successful scientific carrier in the IST research: gender stereotypes in labor market, unconscious bias among managers, work- life balance, women’s confidence and aspirations. In paper we provide evidence of findings by statistical data of Lithuania. Among all the countries, Lithuania has a gear average of young people looking for a career in computing or engineering, but women are paid less salary; IST economics sector and research of Lithuania needs talented qualified women and men. We analyze students’ gender equality context in Informatics Faculty KTU: amounts of students, degrees of graduates, correlation with study programs. Also we provide results of analysis of staff structure, gender distribution, wages.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Advancing gender equality through the Athena SWAN Charter for Women in Science: An exploratory study of women's and men's perceptions Open PDF 
    (BioMed Central Ltd., 2017)
    Ovseiko, P.V.
    ;
    Chapple, A.
    ;
    Edmunds, L.D.
    ;
    Ziebland, S.
    Background: While in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia, higher education and research institutions are widely engaged with the Athena SWAN Charter for Women in Science to advance gender equality, empirical research on this process and its impact is rare. This study combined two data sets (free- text comments from a survey and qualitative interviews) to explore the range of experiences and perceptions of participation in Athena SWAN in medical science departments of a research-intensive university in Oxford, United Kingdom. Methods: The study is based on the secondary analysis of data from two projects: 59 respondents to an anonymous online survey (42 women, 17 men) provided relevant free-text comments and, separately, 37 women participated in face-to-face narrative interviews. Free-text survey comments and narrative interviews were analysed thematically using constant comparison. Results: Both women and men said that participation in Athena SWAN had brought about important structural and cultural changes, including increased support for women's careers, greater appreciation of caring responsibilities, and efforts to challenge discrimination and bias. Many said that these positive changes would not have happened without linkage of Athena SWAN to government research funding, while others thought there were unintended consequences. Concerns about the programme design and implementation included a perception that Athena SWAN has limited ability to address longstanding and entrenched power and pay imbalances, persisting lack of work-life balance in academic medicine, questions about the sustainability of positive changes, belief that achieving the award could become an end in itself, resentment about perceived positive discrimination, and perceptions that further structural and cultural changes were needed in the university and wider society. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that Athena SWAN has a positive impact in advancing gender equality, but there may be limits to how much it can improve gender equality without wider institutional and societal changes. To address the fundamental causes of gender inequality would require cultural change and welfare state policies incentivising men to increase their participation in unpaid work in the family, which is beyond the scope of higher education and research policy. © 2017 The Author(s).
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender gaps in North American research productivity: Examining faculty publication rates in Mexico, Canada, and the U.S.
    (Sense Publishers, 2012)
    Padilla-González, L.E.
    ;
    Metcalfe, A.S.
    ;
    Galaz-Fontes, J.F.
    ;
    Fisher, D.
    ;
    Snee, I.S.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Sex Disparities in Authorship Order of Cardiology Scientific Publications Open PDF 
    (2018)
    Ouyang, David
    ;
    Sing, David
    ;
    Shah, Sonia
    ;
    Hu, Jiaqi
    ;
    Duvernoy, Claire
    BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the representation of women in medical training, women continue to be underrepresented in cardiology, academic medicine, and more specifically, in senior positions within academic medicine. Identifying disparities in research productivity and acknowledgment can highlight barriers to female representation in academic cardiology leadership, as well as in academic promotion. METHODS AND RESULTS: This bibliometric analysis included all authors of original research articles between 1980 and 2017 from 3 high-impact cardiology journals ( Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Circulation, and European Heart Journal). We identified 71 345 unique authors of 55 085 primary research articles during our study period. Female authors accounted for 33.1% of all authors; however, they represented only 26.7% of first authors and 19.7% of senior authors. Looking at the most prolific authors within this time period, female authors were not well represented, accounting for only 5% of the top 100 authors. Articles with a female senior author had more female middle authors than articles with a male senior author (mean 1.41 versus 0.97, P<0.001) and were more likely to have a female first author (0.37 versus 0.18, P<0.001). There was an increased representation of female authors as first and senior authors compared with the total number of articles with female authors over time ( P<0.001 for trend); however, female senior authorship rates continued to lag first authorship rates. CONCLUSIONS: Using a large database of published manuscripts, we found that female representation in published cardiology research has increased over the past 4 decades. However, women continue to be not well represented as first authors, senior authors, and in the number of publications. When women were senior authors, they published more articles with female first authors and had more female authors. In addition to recruiting more women into the field of cardiology, additional work is needed to identify and address barriers to academic advancement for female physician-scientists.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Female authorship in Latin American pediatric journals Open PDF 
    (2017)
    Otero, P.
    ;
    Marcos, C.
    ;
    Ferrero, F.
    Introduction. The participation of women in science increases every day. Here we estimated their participation in authorship in three Latin American pediatric journals indexed in PubMed. Methods. All articles published in 2015 in the Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, the Jornal de Pediatría and the Revista Chilena de Pediatría were identified, and the first and last authors and the total number of authors by sex were determined. Results. A total of 329 articles were identified. Out of 1432 authors, 59.9% were women. Also, 54.4% of all first authors and 48% of last authors were women. No significant difference was observed in female authorship ratio among the three journals. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría had a significantly lower number of women as first and last authors. Conclusion. Women authorship ratio across three Latin American pediatric journals reached 59.9%. Their role as first or last authors was significantly lower in the Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría. © 2017 Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria. All rights reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender divergence in academics’ representation and research productivity: a Nigerian case study Open PDF 
    (2017)
    Opesade, A.O.
    ;
    Famurewa, K.F.
    ;
    Igwe, E.G.
    Gender equity is increasingly seen as an indicator of development and global acceptance in networks of higher education. Despite this, gender divergence in research productivity of academics coupled with under-representation of women in science has been reported to beset female’s scholarly activities. Previous studies provide differing results, hence a need for each academic institution to know its status for the purpose of formulating appropriate policy towards achieving gender equity without trading off productivity. Using a scientometric method, the present study investigates the representation and research productivity of male and female lecturers in the Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan. The study shows that while female lecturers are significantly less represented in the faculty and publish in journals having lower impact factors, their research productivity in terms of number of publications and citation impact are significantly not different from those of their male counterparts. © 2017 Association for Tertiary Education Management and the LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Education Leadership and Management.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender (im)balances in teaching and research activities in Brazil
    (2011)
    Olinto, G.
    ;
    Leta, J.
    Gender differences in teaching and research activities in Brazilian universities is the main focus of this paper. We point out initially that teaching and research are inseparable and necessary activities in graduate programs in the country, especially in public universities. We take into account the characteristics of gender relations, as well as the lower prestige attributed to teaching responsibilities relative to involvement with research and, above all, to publication of research results. Data presented here were obtained from data bases made available by governmental agencies responsible for general statistics and for evaluating educational and scientific programs and policies. Women progresses in education and their participation as human resources in science and technology in the country is considered, with emphasis given to the description of the category of teachers. Analyses of gender differences in teaching and research in graduate programs of a major Brazilian university, involving almost 2000 researchers are presented. Evidence suggests that women receive a larger share of teaching assignments which might jeopardize their involvement with research, as well as their publication outcomes. Literature that might help understand gender division of labor in science and subordination of women in society in general is discussed. © 2011 Proceedings of ISSI 2011 - 13th Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific production in Brazilian Research Institutes: Do institutional context, background characteristics and academic tasks contribute to gender differences?
    (2015)
    Olinto, G.
    ;
    Leta, J.
    Despite the recent changes that occurred in the Brazilian science, this field is still strongly anchored on male figures, as it happened at the beginning of its institutionalization. This paper detaches the contribution of Brazilian Research Institutes for the development of Brazilian science and the importance of contextual, background and academic tasks involvement in scientific production in those institutes, giving special attention to gender differences. Data from government graduate programs evaluation forms were obtained for the analyses presented here which take into account all professor-researchers-890 women and 1,470 men-affiliated to 72 graduate programs under the responsibility of 31 Brazilian Research Institutes (BRI), the majority of which supported by the Federal Government. The main findings include: women are a minority in those institutes, are concentrated in the health and biological sciences, show higher scientific production than their male colleagues, especially in journal articles and among those involved in highly evaluated graduate programs. We believe the set of results presented in this paper may contribute to a better understanding of women's participation not only in BRI, which are dedicated to specific scientific areas, but also in Brazilian science in general and so contribute to gender governmental policy.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Stroke and myocardial infarction: A comparative systematic evaluation of gender-specific analysis, funding and authorship patterns in cardiovascular research Open PDF 
    (2011)
    Oertelt-Prigione, S.
    ;
    Wiedmann, S.
    ;
    Endres, M.
    ;
    Nolte, C.H.
    ;
    Regitz-Zagrosek, V.
    Background: Major gender differences exist in cardiovascular diseases and lead to different outcomes in women and men. However, attention and incorporation of sex-/gender-specific research might vary among disciplines. We therefore conducted a systematic review comparing publication characteristics and trends between stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) with respect to sex- and gender-related aspects. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to identify gender-/sex-related articles published for stroke and MI between 1977 and 2008. A specifically designed text mining program was used, and all literature was rated by two independent investigators. Publications were classified according to type of research performed, publication year, funding, geographical location, and gender of first and last authors. Results: 962 articles were retrieved and limited to 405 (42%) gender-relevant publications; 131 on stroke and 274 on MI. Type of performed research differed, especially in disease management, which received little attention (17%) in stroke, while representing the major focus in MI (40%). In both areas, clinical presentation received little attention (3 and 5%). Although publications progressively increased in both fields, an 8- to 10-year time gap emerged for stroke compared to MI. Last authors in both areas were predominantly men, but female last authorship is increasing more significantly over time in the field of stroke. Research on sex and gender differences in MI and stroke is largely underfunded, particularly by the EU. Conclusions: The data demonstrate how sex-/gender-specific research differs between specialties, most likely due to the diverse interest, funding opportunities and authorship distributions identified. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender Trends in Academic Radiology Publication in the United States Revisited Open PDF 
    (2018)
    O'Connor, Erin E.
    ;
    Chen, Pauline
    ;
    Weston, Brian
    ;
    Anderson, Redmond
    ;
    Zeffiro, Timothy
    RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Although substantial increases in publications by female academic radiologists have appeared over the last several decades, it is possible that the rate of increase is decreasing. We examined temporal trends in gender composition for full-time radiology faculty, radiology residents, and medical students over a 46-year period. METHODS: We examined authorship gender trends to determine if the increases in female authorship seen since 1970 have been sustained in recent years and whether female radiologists continue to publish in proportion to their numbers in academic departments. Original articles for selected years in Radiology and in the American Journal of Roentgenology between 1970 and 2016 were examined to determine the gender of first, corresponding, and last authors. Generalized linear models evaluated (1) changes in proportions of female authorship over time and (2) associations between proportions of female authorship and female radiology faculty representation. RESULTS: While linear increases in first, corresponding, and senior authorships were observed for female radiologists from 1970 to 2000, the rate of increase in female first and corresponding authorships then changed, with the slope of the first author relationship decreasing from 0.81 to 0.34, corresponding to 47% fewer female first authors added per year. In contrast, the proportion of female last authorship continued to increase at the same rate. The proportion of female first authorship was linearly related to the proportion of female radiology faculty from 1970 to 2016. CONCLUSIONS: Annual increases in first author academic productivity of female radiologists have lessened in the past 16 years, possibly related to reductions in the growth of female radiology faculty and trainees. As mixed, compared to homogeneous gender, authorship teams are associated with more citations, efforts to encourage more women to pursue careers in academic radiology could benefit the radiology research community.