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End date: 2009Discipline: search.filters.discipline.Surgery

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in Surgery Open PDF 
    (American Medical Association (AMA), 2006-04-01)
    Gargiulo, Debra A.
    HYPOTHESIS: Women are deterred from a surgical career owing to a lack of role models rather than lifestyle considerations. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Surgery and obstetrics/gynecology attending physicians, residents, and medical students. INTERVENTION: Questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Potential deterrents to a surgical career. RESULTS: Men and women had a similar interest in a surgical career before their surgical rotation (64% vs 53%, P = .68). A similar percentage developed a mentor (40.0% vs 45.9%, P = .40). Women were far more likely to perceive sex discrimination (46.7% vs 20.4%, P = .002), most often from male attending physicians (33.3%) or residents (31.1%). Women were less likely to be deterred by diminishing rewards (4.4% vs 21.6%, P = .003) or workload considerations (28.9% vs 49.0%, P = .02). They were also less likely to cite family concerns as a deterrent (47.8% vs 66.7%, P = .02) and equally likely to be deterred by lifestyle during residency (83.3% vs 76.5%, P = .22). However, women were more likely to be deterred by perceptions of the "surgical personality" (40.0% vs 21.6%, P = .03) and the perception of surgery as an "old boys' club" (22.2% vs 3.9%, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Men and women are very similar in what they consider important in deciding on a surgical career. Women are not more likely to be deterred by lifestyle, workload issues, or lack of role models. However, the perceived surgical personality and surgical culture is a sex-specific deterrence to a career in surgery for women.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women authors of surgical research Open PDF 
    (2005)
    Kurichi, Jibby E.
    ;
    Kelz, Rachel R.
    ;
    Sonnad, Seema S.
    HYPOTHESIS: The number of women authors in the surgical literature has increased during the past 20 years. DESIGN: Randomly selected issues of odd-year journals in Archives of Surgery and Annals of Surgery from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2003, were reviewed. We determined the gender of each author and reported trends in the occurrence of women authors over time. RESULTS: The percentage of women authors has increased over time and parallels the percentage of women faculty in academic surgery positions. A much higher percentage of women authors than men authors are nonphysicians. The trend for increased authorship by women over time was significant in Archives of Surgery. CONCLUSION: Although the number of women first authors is low, their contributions to the field of surgery should be acknowledged, and efforts to provide women with the resources and opportunities to conduct research and publish their findings should be a focus for surgical departments looking to increase their research productivity.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The "gender gap" in authorship of academic medical literature--a 35-year perspective Open PDF 
    (2006)
    Jagsi, Reshma
    ;
    Guancial, Elizabeth A.
    ;
    Worobey, Cynthia Cooper
    ;
    Henault, Lori E.
    ;
    Chang, Yuchiao
    BACKGROUND: Participation of women in the medical profession has increased during the past four decades, but issues of concern persist regarding disparities between the sexes in academic medicine. Advancement is largely driven by peer-reviewed original research, so we sought to determine the representation of female physician-investigators among the authors of selected publications during the past 35 years. METHODS: Original articles from six prominent medical journals--the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Annals of Internal Medicine (Ann Intern Med), the Annals of Surgery (Ann Surg), Obstetrics & Gynecology (Obstet Gynecol), and the Journal of Pediatrics (J Pediatr)--were categorized according to the sex of both the first and the senior (last listed) author. Sex was also determined for the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and JAMA. Data were collected for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2004. The analysis was restricted to authors from U.S. institutions holding M.D. degrees. RESULTS: The sex was determined for 98.5 percent of the 7249 U.S. authors of original research with M.D. degrees. The proportion of first authors who were women increased from 5.9 percent in 1970 to 29.3 percent in 2004 (P<0.001), and the proportion of senior authors who were women increased from 3.7 percent to 19.3 percent (P<0.001) during the same period. The proportion of authors who were women increased most sharply in Obstet Gynecol (from 6.7 percent of first authors and 6.8 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 40.7 percent of first authors and 28.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and J Pediatr (from 15.0 percent of first authors and 4.3 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 38.9 percent of first authors and 38.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and remained low in Ann Surg (from 2.3 percent of first authors and 0.7 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 16.7 percent of first authors and 6.7 percent of senior authors in 2004). In 2004, 11.4 percent of the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and 18.8 percent of the authors of guest editorials in JAMA were women. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past four decades, the proportion of women among both first and senior physician-authors of original research in the United States has significantly increased. Nevertheless, women still compose a minority of the authors of original research and guest editorials in the journals studied.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific Impact of Women in Academic Surgery Open PDF 
    (2008)
    Housri, N.
    ;
    Cheung, M.C.
    ;
    Koniaris, L.G.
    ;
    Zimmers, T.A.
    Objective: To evaluate the scientific impact of women in the surgical literature. Methods: Gender of the principal investigator of every abstract presented at the 2002, 2003, and 2004 annual meetings of the Association for Academic Surgery and Society of University Surgeons was identified by internet search. Resulting publications were identified using PubMed. Journal impact factor and number of article citations were determined using ISI Web of Knowledge. Results: The principal investigator's gender was identified for 649 (98.8%) of the 657 abstracts presented at the 2002-2004 AAS meetings. Women authored 9.1% of abstracts and 11.8% of total resulting publications. The publication rate of abstracts by women was significantly higher than that of men (69.5% versus 52.4%, P = 0.0132). There was a trend toward higher average impact factors of journals in which female authors published (3.265 versus 2.673, P = 0.0626). There was no significant difference in mean number of citations per publication. The principal investigator's gender was identified for all 337 (100%) abstracts presented at the 2002-2004 SUS meetings. Women authored 11.0% of abstracts and 11.2% of resulting publications. Publication rates and average citation numbers were similar for female and male authors. The average impact factors of journals in which women published were significantly higher (4.741 versus 3.348, P = 0.0082). Conclusions: Although women comprise a small proportion of principal investigators on abstracts presented at these conferences, the quality of their presented work is equal to or better than those of their male counterparts. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Does reported funding differ by gender in the surgical literature? Open PDF 
    (2008)
    Taira, B.R.
    ;
    Jahnes, K.
    ;
    Singer, A.J.
    ;
    McLarty, A.J.
    BACKGROUND: It is commonly believed that women surgeons are less likely to be funded and to publish than their male counterparts. According to the American Board of Surgery, currently 13.5% of board-certified surgeons are women. OBJECTIVE: We compared first authorship and reported funding of original articles in the surgical literature by gender. METHODS: We conducted a structured review of all original articles during 2006 from 4 major surgical journals (Annals of Surgery, Archives of Surgery, Surgery, and Journal of the American College of Surgeons). For each article, the gender and academic degree of the first author was determined as well as the study design, type and country of the institution, and source of funding, if any. χ tests were used to compare the rates of reported funding, academic degrees, and type of research by gender of author. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the association between gender, degree, country, institution, and study design with funding. RESULTS: Of the 664 original research reports evaluated, 118 (17.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 15.0-20.9]) were first-authored by women and 522 (78.6% [95% CI, 75.3-81.6]) by men (in 24 [3.6%], the gender of the first author was unknown). Two hundred fifty-eight (38.9% [95% CI, 35.2-42.6]) of the articles reported funding. Funding rates among men and women were not quite significantly different (37.0% vs. 45.8%, difference 8.8%; 95% CI, -1%-19%; P = 0.08). The percentage of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) among men and women first authors was similar (13.4% vs. 13.6%, P = 0.92). Female first authors were less likely to have a medical degree than male first authors (93 of 118 [78.8%] vs. 486 of 519 [93.6%], P < 0.0010). On multivariate analysis, non-RCTs were less likely to be funded than RCTs (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.14-0.40). CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of original surgical articles first authored by women is greater than the percentage of female surgeons. Funding rates of original articles were similar among men and women. © 2008 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.