PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

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  • Item type:Publication,
    Women in Surgery Open PDF 
    (American Medical Association (AMA), 2006-04-01)
    Gargiulo, Debra A.
    HYPOTHESIS: Women are deterred from a surgical career owing to a lack of role models rather than lifestyle considerations. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: University teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Surgery and obstetrics/gynecology attending physicians, residents, and medical students. INTERVENTION: Questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Potential deterrents to a surgical career. RESULTS: Men and women had a similar interest in a surgical career before their surgical rotation (64% vs 53%, P = .68). A similar percentage developed a mentor (40.0% vs 45.9%, P = .40). Women were far more likely to perceive sex discrimination (46.7% vs 20.4%, P = .002), most often from male attending physicians (33.3%) or residents (31.1%). Women were less likely to be deterred by diminishing rewards (4.4% vs 21.6%, P = .003) or workload considerations (28.9% vs 49.0%, P = .02). They were also less likely to cite family concerns as a deterrent (47.8% vs 66.7%, P = .02) and equally likely to be deterred by lifestyle during residency (83.3% vs 76.5%, P = .22). However, women were more likely to be deterred by perceptions of the "surgical personality" (40.0% vs 21.6%, P = .03) and the perception of surgery as an "old boys' club" (22.2% vs 3.9%, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Men and women are very similar in what they consider important in deciding on a surgical career. Women are not more likely to be deterred by lifestyle, workload issues, or lack of role models. However, the perceived surgical personality and surgical culture is a sex-specific deterrence to a career in surgery for women.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Increase in the percentage of female authors in the international psychiatric literature since 1970
    (2008)
    Opgenhaffen, M.
    ;
    Vansteelandt, K.
    ;
    Germeau, P.
    ;
    Pieters, G.
    BACKGROUND: The participation of women in medicine and psychiatry is increasing. AIM: To find out whether this trend is also refected in the international psychiatric literature. METHOD: We took steps to discover the gender of the first and the last author as listed below the title of 290 articles sampled at random jrom three leading psychiatricjournals published between 1970 and 2007. RESULTS: Women turned out to be underrepresented as the first or last author of these psychiatric articles; this conclusion was also found to apply to the first and last authors who were medical authors. Whereas the proportion of female first authors had increased significantly since 1970 and had reached almost 50% in 2007, there had been no such inaease as far as last authors were concerned. CONCLUSION: In the psychiatric literature studied, the proportion of female first authors rose to almost 50%.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The scholarly transition of female academics at the University of Granada (1975-1990) Open PDF 
    (2005)
    Muñoz-Muñoz, A.M.
    An attempt is made to shed light on part of Granada University's female academics' past in what was a critical period in Spain's history (1975-1982), referring of course to the political transition from dictatorship to democracy. The period studied is 1975-1990, in which an analysis is made of a section of the teaching staff, using part of the female staff as the sample due to their being the most socially affected during this period. Firstly, a study is carried out on the teaching staff, both male and female, to verify the staff situation at the university using the gender indicator. Secondly, the female teachers' scholarly output is studied; due to the fact that areas of study are very varied, it has been considered appropriate to apply the study to monographs, scholarly publications articles and doctoral theses. Moreover, because the study intends to be as exhaustive as possible, various databases and catalogues have been consulted which collect the documental typology to be used in the analysis. Copyright © 2005 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest All rights reserved.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific output by gender in Spain (Web of Science, 2004)
    (2007)
    Moya-Anegón, F.
    ;
    Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z.
    ;
    Vargas-Quesada, B.
    ;
    Corera-Álvarez, E.
    ;
    Muñoz-Molina, A.
    The objective of this study was to obtain bibliometric indicators by gender applied exclusively to scientific publications registered in the Thompson Scientific databases. Aspects related with the volume of production, visibility, patterns of collaboration and networks of coauthorship will be analyzed below. The data are presented broken down by scientific field.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in patenting activity: An examination of the US biotechnology industry Open PDF 
    (2009)
    McMillan, G.S.
    The gender gap in science and technology has received considerable attention by both researchers and policy makers. In an effort to better understand the quantity, quality, and underlying characteristics of female research efforts, I integrate three existing databases to uncover how female patenting activities differ from men's in the US biotechnology industry. Data on how much science the patents build upon, the author institutions of that science, and who funded the papers in which the science appears are all examined. In addition, using the NBER Patent Citation Data Files, I propose a possible gender-based life cycle model for patenting activity. The policy implications of my findings are also discussed. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The effect of gender on research staff success in life sciences in the Spanish National Research Council Open PDF 
    (2008)
    Mauleón, E.
    ;
    Bordons, M.
    ;
    Oppenheim, C.
    Inter-gender differences in research performance of Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) scientists in the area of biology and biomedicine are analysed by means of bibliometric indicators (SCI, 1996-2000). Productivity of both men and women increases with scientific category, and inter-gender differences are not found within each category. Women with intermediate levels of seniority (11-20 and 21-30 years of working life) show lower productivity than their male counterparts, a factor which might contribute to explaining the slower promotion observed for female scientists. However, women who entered CSIC in the last 10 years overtake men in productivity, so a more balanced distribution of women by scientific ranks would be expected in the future. The need to improve the normalisation of author names in publications and bibliographic databases and even to develop a 'digital author identifier' to make these studies easier is pointed out. © Beech Tree Publishing 2008.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Women involvement in editorial boards of mathematics journals
    (2007)
    Mauleón, E.
    ;
    Bordons, M.
    Members of editorial boards of journals play an essential role in science, since they contribute to guarantee the quality and relevance of publications. This study analyses whether women are well represented in editorial boards as a sign of her participation in responsibility positions in science. Women's representation on the editorial board of eight international high quality mathematics journals is studied and compared to women's presence as authors of papers in the same journals. On average only 4% of the members of the editorial boards analysed were women, while 10% of the authors with publications were female scientists. Inter-gender differences in impact of publications were not found, but less collaboration was observed in female publications. This study shows that women are under-represented as authors in Mathematics journals but her presence is even lower in leadership positions such as members of journal editorial boards.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Inter-gender differences in technological activity: Male and female contribution to patents in the Spanish OEPM database
    (2009)
    Mauleón, E.
    ;
    Bordons, M.
    Women involvement in Spanish patent applications at the Spanish Patent Office during the period 1990-2005 is analysed. Female inventors were present in 16% of the patents, increasing their participation from 10% in 1990 to 19% in 2005. Women activity was higher than average in the academic public sector (universities and Spanish National Research Council) and in specific thematic areas (Human Necessities and Chemistry). Female patents showed higher collaboration than male ones, as measured through their lower percentage of single-inventor patents and their higher co-inventorship index. The higher increase in female involvement was observed in universities, followed by individual applicants, while the lowest growth corresponded to industry.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Productivity, impact and publication habits by gender in the area of materials science Open PDF 
    (2006)
    Mauleón, E.
    ;
    Bordons, M.
    A comparative analysis of the scientific performance of male and female scientists in the area of Materials Science at the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) is presented. Publications of 333 scientists during 1996-2000 are downloaded from the international database Science Citation Index and the national one ICYT. Scientific performance of scientists is studied through different indicators of productivity (number of SCI and ICYT publications), international visibility (average impact factor of publications, percentage of documents in "top journals") and publication practices (%international publications, signing order of authors in the documents and different collaboration measures). Inter-gender differences in the research performance of scientists are studied. Influence of professional category and age are analysed. Although women are less productive than men, no significant differences in productivity are found within each professional category. However, a different life-cycle of productivity is found for men and woman and the most important inter-gender differences in productivity occur at the ages of 40-59.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A gender gap in publishing? Women's representation in edited political science books Open PDF 
    (2001)
    Mathews, A.L.
    ;
    Andersen, K.
    Academic publishing is tightly connected to college and university faculty members' prospects for promotion, tenure, salary increases, and professional recognition, and is often regarded as an index of one's scholarly contribution to a given field (Blackburn and Lawrence 1995). This is problematic because, as many researchers have clearly documented, women publish less than men. Because female faculty produce fewer publications on average than their male counterparts, they also receive lower pay and are more likely to hold the ranks of assistant and associate professor (Blackburn and Lawrence 1995; Creamer 1998; Dinauer and Ondeck 1999; Roland and Fontanesi-Seime 1996; Schneider 1998). And, although gender differences in publishing have narrowed in most disciplines over the past two decades, in most cases, men still outpublish women by a ratio of two to one (Roland and Fontanesi-Seime 1996). Among the factors cited as being important to publishing regularly are ambition, reputation, merit, institutional support and resources, professional networks and collegial/mentoring relationships, research topic and methodology, and time.