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Author: search.filters.author.Leta, J.Geographical Area: search.filters.geographical.South America

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  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender (im)balances in teaching and research activities in Brazil
    (2011)
    Olinto, G.
    ;
    Leta, J.
    Gender differences in teaching and research activities in Brazilian universities is the main focus of this paper. We point out initially that teaching and research are inseparable and necessary activities in graduate programs in the country, especially in public universities. We take into account the characteristics of gender relations, as well as the lower prestige attributed to teaching responsibilities relative to involvement with research and, above all, to publication of research results. Data presented here were obtained from data bases made available by governmental agencies responsible for general statistics and for evaluating educational and scientific programs and policies. Women progresses in education and their participation as human resources in science and technology in the country is considered, with emphasis given to the description of the category of teachers. Analyses of gender differences in teaching and research in graduate programs of a major Brazilian university, involving almost 2000 researchers are presented. Evidence suggests that women receive a larger share of teaching assignments which might jeopardize their involvement with research, as well as their publication outcomes. Literature that might help understand gender division of labor in science and subordination of women in society in general is discussed. © 2011 Proceedings of ISSI 2011 - 13th Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Scientific production in Brazilian Research Institutes: Do institutional context, background characteristics and academic tasks contribute to gender differences?
    (2015)
    Olinto, G.
    ;
    Leta, J.
    Despite the recent changes that occurred in the Brazilian science, this field is still strongly anchored on male figures, as it happened at the beginning of its institutionalization. This paper detaches the contribution of Brazilian Research Institutes for the development of Brazilian science and the importance of contextual, background and academic tasks involvement in scientific production in those institutes, giving special attention to gender differences. Data from government graduate programs evaluation forms were obtained for the analyses presented here which take into account all professor-researchers-890 women and 1,470 men-affiliated to 72 graduate programs under the responsibility of 31 Brazilian Research Institutes (BRI), the majority of which supported by the Federal Government. The main findings include: women are a minority in those institutes, are concentrated in the health and biological sciences, show higher scientific production than their male colleagues, especially in journal articles and among those involved in highly evaluated graduate programs. We believe the set of results presented in this paper may contribute to a better understanding of women's participation not only in BRI, which are dedicated to specific scientific areas, but also in Brazilian science in general and so contribute to gender governmental policy.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Science in Brazil: Contribution of male and female scientists
    (2007)
    Leta, J.
    ;
    Teixeira, F.M.
    The establishment of science is a very recent event in most of the countries located in the south hemisphere. Training human resources for scientific and technological activities seems to be a means to reduce the scientific and technological gap between the two hemispheres. In this process, human diversity, including gender, may play an important role. This study presents data on the scientific publication output of male and female scientists from Brazil. Our aim is to identify some publishing trends, which may contribute to the debate on consequences that emerge from the imbalance between males and females participation in the scientific community, including administrative positions in academia.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender and academic roles in graduate programs: Analyses of Brazilian government data
    (2013)
    Leta, J.
    ;
    Olinto, G.
    ;
    Batista, P.D.
    ;
    Borges, E.P.
    Brazilian researchers affiliated to graduate programs play a major role in scientific and technological development in the country. Hence, they have to cope with various academic roles, especially the core one: teaching. Considering Boudieu's concept of 'scientific capital', this study aims at investigating whether female and male teacher-researchers have an equal share of academic activities with low 'scientific capital' return, such as teaching undergraduate courses, and high 'scientific capital' return, such as publication of journal articles. Official data from Brazilian Ministry of Education with information about the population of more than 52 thousand teacher-researchers, and available in 6,741 pdf files, were gathered in a single data matrix. Indicators of academic tasks and productivity were generated. Data analyses for the whole population did not show differences between gender and tasks. Nevertheless, analyses focusing on specific scientific areas indicated that in some fields women are having a larger share of less valued tasks than men: a burden that might help to explain the difference in productivity favoring men in these fields. As gender in science and technology is still an issue of high interest, our study aims at contributing to a better understanding of gender boundaries in this field. © AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Vienna 2013.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Brazilian authorś scientific performance: Does gender matter?
    (2009)
    Batista, P.D.
    ;
    Leta, J.
    The number of women pursuing careers in science has recently increased remarkably. Nevertheless, they still have few chances to be successful in their careers. Low scientific performance is one of the most frequent reasons behind women's failure in science. The present study aims at presenting evidences upon men and womeńs scientific performances. Two different databases were cross-examined to provide trends on publication and visibility (estimated by h-index) of 18,993 Brazilian authors. The results showed that the chances to be within the select group of the most productive Brazilian authors is much higher for male authors. As for those authors with 50 or less publications (90% of the sample), differences in probabilistic were not observed. Similar results were found for the h-index analysis. Regarding the relation between research field and scientific performance, we have found that research field plays an important role for male authors in terms of number of publications and h-index. However, the research field seems to have no effect upon female scientific performance. We hope the empirical evidences presented in this paper may contribute to the debate on gender differences within other scientific communities.