PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://gendermore.unimore.it/handle/123456789/1575

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9

Man-woman collaboration practices and scientific visibility: How gender affect scientific impact in economics and management
(2019)
Maddi, A.
;
Larivière, V.
;
Gingras, Y.
The question of the place of women in the various sciences is now widely discussed and studied. The field of economics and management is no exception and also requires a reflexive analysis of its practices. This study contributes to a better understanding of the place of women in these disciplines by characterizing the difference in levels of scientific collaboration between men and women (as measured by joint publications) in economics and management. First, the results show for the first time on an empirical basis that the practices of collaboration between men and women are quite different in management sciences compared to discipline of economics. Second, a regression analysis shows that there is a negative and statistically significant relationship between the Normalized Citation Score and the proportion of women per article in economics, which is not the case in management sciences. Results also show that international collaboration and the choice of journals significantly affect normalized citation scores. © 2019 17th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2019 - Proceedings. All rights reserved.
Is science built on the shoulders of women' A study of gender differences in contributorship Open PDF
(2016)
Macaluso, B.
;
Larivière, V.
;
Sugimoto, T.
;
Sugimoto, C.R.
Purpose Women remain underrepresented in the production of scientific literature, and relatively little is known regarding the labor roles played by women in the production of knowledge. This study examined labor roles by gender using contributorship data from science and medical journals published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS), which require each author to indicate their contribution to one or more of the following tasks: (1) analyzed the data, (2) conceived and designed the experiments, (3) contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, (4) performed the experiments, and (5) wrote the paper. Method The authors analyzed contribution data from more than 85,000 articles published between 2008 and 2013 in PLOS journals with respect to gender using both descriptive and regression analyses. Results Gender was a significant variable in determining the likelihood of performing a certain task associated with authorship. Women were significantly more likely to be associated with performing experiments, and men were more likely to be associated with all other authorship roles. This holds true controlling for academic age: Although experimentation was associated with academically younger scholars, the gap between male and female contribution to this task remained constant across academic age. Inequalities were observed in the distribution of scientific labor roles. Conclusions These disparities have implications for the production of scholarly knowledge, the evaluation of scholars, and the ethical conduct of science. Adopting the practice of identifying contributorship rather than authorship in scientific journals will allow for greater transparency, accountability, and equitable allocation of resources. © 2016 by the Association of American Medical Colleges.
On a trajectory towards parity: An historical analysis of gender in funding from the National Science Foundation
(2017)
Sugimoto, C.R.
;
Bérubé, N.
;
Larivière, V.
Human capacity for innovation is not well-utilized in a system that favors one gender over another. Despite decades of policies in gender equity in science, disparities persist along several dimensions. One dimension that has been relatively understudied is the role of funding on gender disparities in science. To address this gap, we provide an historical analysis (1981-2016) of funding, by gender, from the National Science Foundation in the United States. We find that the mean rate of funds received by women is higher than that of men (and has been so since the early 2000s). However, men control the dominant share of funding and fellowships. As a work-in-progress paper, we discuss the extraction and cleaning of the data, provide an initial analysis, and describe the ongoing analysis of these data. The results provide policy makers with a much needed historical lens on progress towards parity, identifying areas of success and areas which require additional efforts in order to fund women at rates equal to their participation in science.
Who acknowledges who? A gender analysis
(2019)
Paul-Hus, A.
;
Mongeon, P.
;
Sainte-Marie, M.
;
Larivière, V.
Acknowledgements found in scholarly papers allow for credit attribution among non-authors—from individuals to organizations—that contributed to a piece of research. As such, they are associated with a different kind of recognition than authorship. While several studies have shown that social factors affect authorship and citation practices, few analyses have been performed on acknowledgements. Based on 878,250 acknowledgees mentioned in 291,167 papers published in 2015 retrieved from Web of Science, the objective of this work-in-progress is to better understand such credit attribution practices and how gender may influence them. Our results show that gender disparities generally found in authorship can be extended to acknowledgements, and that women are even more underrepresented in the acknowledgement than in the authors’ list of a paper. Our findings also confirm that women acknowledge proportionally more women. These results suggest that gender plays a role in the entire spectrum of credit attribution practices, from authorships to acknowledgements.
Who are the acknowledgees? An analysis of gender and academic status Open PDF
(2020)
Paul-Hus, A.
;
Mongeon, P.
;
Sainte-Marie, M.
;
Larivière, V.
Acknowledgements found in scholarly papers allow for credit attribution of nonauthor contributors. As such, they are associated with a different kind of recognition than authorship. While several studies have shown that social factors affect authorship and citation practices, few analyses have been performed on acknowledgements. Based on 878,250 acknowledgees mentioned in 291,167 papers published between 2015 and 2017, this study analyzes the gender and academic status of individuals named in the acknowledgements of scientific papers. Our results show that gender disparities generally found in authorship can be extended to acknowledgements, and that women are even more underrepresented in acknowledgements section than in authors’ lists. Our findings also show that women acknowledge proportionally more women than men do. Regarding academic status, our results show that acknowledgees who have already published tend to have a higher position in the academic hierarchy compared with all Web of Science (WoS) authors. Taken together, these findings suggest that acknowledgement practices might be associated with academic status and gender. © 2020 Adèle Paul-Hus, Philippe Mongeon, Maxime Sainte-Marie, and Vincent Larivière. Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.
Forty years of gender disparities in Russian science: a historical bibliometric analysis Open PDF
(2015)
Paul-Hus, A.
;
Bouvier, R.L.
;
Ni, C.
;
Sugimoto, C.R.
;
Pislyakov, V.
Gender disparities persist in several areas of society and scientific research is no exception. This study describes the evolution of the place of women in Russian science from 1973 to 2012, in terms of published research output, research productivity, international and national collaboration, and scientific impact, taking into account the socioeconomic, political and historic context of the country, which was marked by the fall of the USSR in 1991. The results show that gender parity is far from being achieved. Women remain underrepresented in terms of their contribution to research output and scientific impact in almost all disciplines, with Mathematics and Physics, research areas in which Russia is specialized, having the largest gap. Men and women show different collaboration patterns on the national and international level, whereas women are preeminent on the national scene, men are on the international one. Although the impact of women’s scientific output significantly increases after the fall of the USSR, the gap between both genders remains stable over time for most of the disciplines. As a result, this increase cannot be interpreted as an improvement of the women’s relative influence in Russian science, but rather an improvement of Russian science impact in general. © 2014, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
Women in the shadow of big men: The case of Canada Excellence Research Chairs
(2017)
Ghiasi, G.
;
Larivière, V.
;
Beaudry, C.
Canada Excellence Research Chairs program-an award worth up to ten million dollars over seven years to attract and support world-renowned researchers and their teams to establish research programs in Government of Canada's science and technology priority areas at Canadian universities-has been one of the most controversial governmental funding allocations in Canada. One of the main criticisms to this program is the absence of clear selection and recruitment criteria, including promulgation of standards for inclusion and diversity, which have resulted in lack of representation of women among Chairs. The main purpose of this study is to shed light on gender differences in scientific production and impact of publications induced by Canada Excellence Research Chairs program and to examine co-authorship collaboration patterns that are formed as a result of introduction of this program. Findings reveal that when Chairs are listed as main investigators of the scientific work (either last or corresponding authors), female-led papers receive higher rate of citations and are published in journals with higher impact. Although citation impact of papers that include collaborations with women are the highest, more than 78% of researchers of each gender repeat their collaborations, with their male peers on authoring more than one papers. Last but not least, this study concludes that collaborations with women are fragile and are dependent on the presence of central male researchers. Therefore, contributions of women to high impact research is effective as long as they are under the shadow of more central, influential and popular men.
Where international development and gender equality meet in science: A bibliometric analysis
(2021)
Ghiasi, G.
;
Harsh, M.
;
Tajmel, T.
;
Larivière, V.
This study examines how international development and gender equality reinforce one another through the introduction and implementation of mechanisms to (1) promote women's engagement in scientific and technological advancements that hold potent promises for developing countries and the attainment of United Nation's (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs), and to (2) orient more scientific activities toward promoting gender equality (SDG5). It addresses these two dimensions and answers three main questions: (1) to what extent scientific efforts are aligned with the achievement SDGs, (2) where SDG5 (Gender equality) stands in these scientific efforts, and finally (3) who is involved in the scientific advancements that contribute to the success of SDGs and SDG5, in terms of disciplines, countries, economies, and gender. The findings call for the need to support more research in relation to SDGs, particularly SDG5, which could potentially reinforce the engagement of more women in science from both developing and developed nations. The results of this study thus have great implications for both developed and developing nations and underpin the importance of cross-dimensional analysis, which is often overlooked in retention and inclusion policies of women in S&T. © 2021 18th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informetrics, ISSI 2021. All rights reserved.
Who profits from the Canadian nanotechnology reward system? Implications for gender-responsible innovation Open PDF
(2021)
Ghiasi, G.
;
Beaudry, C.
;
Larivière, V.
;
St-Pierre, C.
;
Schiffauerova, A.
Gender equality is one of the primary dimensions of responsible research and innovation. Based on bibliometric and survey data of nanotechnology researchers in Canada, this paper analyzes the reward system of science in terms of gender and gender-related institutional cultures. This study reveals that the scientific culture of nanotechnology was perceived as more masculine by women than by men. The findings show that gender productivity gaps remain a challenge in the field and that these gaps are reinforced by the fact that the most productive researchers are less likely to collaborate with women. The results also show the amount of extra effort that women must devote to their research to retain their top status in academia, and the extent that their recognition when in top positions is fragile compared to men. This study confirms the cumulative advantage of creating a gender-inclusive culture that enables women to improve their scientific productivity and impact: such cultures tend to privilege first-author publications over patenting and thus prioritize a type of output where women have had more success. Finally, this paper concludes with policy recommendations for improving the number of women in research and the institutions where they work. © 2021, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

PUBBLICAZIONE/PUBLICATION

Browse

Filters

Settings

Sort By

Results per page

Search Results