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Inter-gender differences in technological activity: Male and female contribution to patents in the Spanish OEPM database
(2009)
Mauleón, E.
;
Bordons, M.
Women involvement in Spanish patent applications at the Spanish Patent Office during the period 1990-2005 is analysed. Female inventors were present in 16% of the patents, increasing their participation from 10% in 1990 to 19% in 2005. Women activity was higher than average in the academic public sector (universities and Spanish National Research Council) and in specific thematic areas (Human Necessities and Chemistry). Female patents showed higher collaboration than male ones, as measured through their lower percentage of single-inventor patents and their higher co-inventorship index. The higher increase in female involvement was observed in universities, followed by individual applicants, while the lowest growth corresponded to industry.