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Author: search.filters.author.Abramo, G.Geographical Area: search.filters.geographical.Italy

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  • Item type:Publication,
    How long do top scientists maintain their stardom? An analysis by region, gender and discipline: evidence from Italy Open PDF 
    (2017)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    D’Angelo, C.A.
    ;
    Soldatenkova, A.
    We investigate the question of how long top scientists retain their stardom. We observe the research performance of all Italian professors in the sciences over three consecutive four-year periods, between 2001 and 2012. The top scientists of the first period are identified on the basis of research productivity, and their performance is then tracked through time. The analyses demonstrate that more than a third of the nation’s top scientists maintain this status over the three consecutive periods, with higher shares occurring in the life sciences and lower ones in engineering. Compared to males, females are less likely to maintain top status. There are also regional differences, among which top status is less likely to survive in southern Italy than in the north. Finally we investigate the longevity of unproductive professors, and then check whether the career progress of the top and unproductive scientists is aligned with their respective performances. The results appear to have implications for national policies on academic recruitment and advancement. © 2016, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The effects of gender, age and academic rank on research diversification Open PDF 
    (2018)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    D’Angelo, C.A.
    ;
    Di Costa, F.
    In this work we analyze the combined effects of gender, age and academic rank on the propensity of individual scholars to diversify their scientific activity. The aspect of research diversification is measured along three main dimensions, namely its extent and intensity and the cognitive relatedness of the fields of diversification. We apply two regression models to the dataset of scientific output of all Italian professors in the sciences over the period 2004–2008. The aim is to understand how personal and organizational traits can influence individual behaviors in terms of research diversification. Among other considerations, our findings urge caution in identifying research diversification as a co-determinant of the gender productivity gap between males and females. © 2017, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    The contribution of star scientists to overall sex differences in research productivity Open PDF 
    (2009)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    D'Angelo, C.A.
    ;
    Caprasecca, A.
    The state of the art on the issue of sex differences in research efficiency agrees in recognizing higher performances for males, however there are divergences in explaining the possible causes. One of the causes advanced is that there are sex differences in the availability of aptitude at the "high end". By comparing sex differences in concentration and performance of Italian academic star scientists to the case in the population complement, this work aims to verify if star, or "high-end", scientists play a preponderant role in determining higher performance among males. The study reveals the existence of a greater relative concentration of males among star scientists, as well as a performance gap between male and female star scientists that is greater than for the rest of the population. In the latter subpopulation the performance gap between the two sexes is seen as truly marginal. © 2009 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    A gender analysis of top scientists’ collaboration behavior: evidence from Italy Open PDF 
    (2019)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    D’Angelo, C.A.
    ;
    Di Costa, F.
    This work analyzes the differences in collaboration behavior between males and females among a particular type of scholars: top scientists, and as compared to non top scientists. The field of observation consists of the Italian academic system and the co-authorships of scientific publications by 11,145 professors. The results obtained from a cross-sectional analysis covering the 5-year period 2006–2010 show that there are no significant differences in the overall propensity to collaborate in the top scientists of the two genders. At the level of single disciplines there are no differences in collaboration behavior, except in the case of: (1) international collaborations, for mathematics and chemistry—where the propensity for collaboration is greater for males; and (2) extramural domestic collaborations in physics, in which it is the females that show greater propensity for collaboration. Because international collaboration is positively correlated to research performance, findings can inform science policy aimed at increasing the representation of female top performers. © 2019, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Gender differences in research performance within and between countries: Italy vs Norway Open PDF 
    (2021)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    Aksnes, D.W.
    ;
    D'Angelo, C.A.
    In this study, the scientific performance of Italian and Norwegian university professors is analysed using bibliometric indicators. The study is based on over 36,000 individuals and their publication output during the period 2011-2015. Applying a multidimensional indicator in which several aspects of the research performance are captured, we find large differences in the performance of men and women. These gender differences are evident across all analysed levels, such as country, field, and academic position. However, most of the gender differences can be explained by the tails of the distributions - in particular, there is a much higher proportion of men among the top 10 % performing scientists. For the remaining 90 % of the population, the gender differences are practically non-existent. The results of the two countries, which differ in terms of the societal role of women, are contrasting. Further, we discuss possible biases that are intrinsic in quantitative performance indicators, which might disfavour female researchers. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
  • Item type:Publication,
    Should the research performance of scientists be distinguished by gender? Open PDF 
    (2015)
    Abramo, G.
    ;
    Cicero, T.
    ;
    D'Angelo, C.A.
    The literature on gender differences in research performance seems to suggest a gap between men and women, where the former outperform the latter. Whether one agrees with the different factors proposed to explain the phenomenon, it is worthwhile to verify if comparing the performance within each gender, rather than without distinction, gives significantly different ranking lists. If there were some structural factor that determined a penalty in performance of female researchers compared to their male peers, then under conditions of equal capacities of men and women, any comparative evaluations of individual performance that fail to account for gender differences would lead to distortion of the judgments in favor of men. In this work we measure the extent of differences in rank between the two methods of comparing performance in each field of the hard sciences: for professors in the Italian university system, we compare the distributions of research performance for men and women and subsequently the ranking lists with and without distinction by gender. The results are of interest for the optimization of efficient selection in formulation of recruitment, career advancement and incentive schemes. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.